文章目录
前言
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提示:SpringBoot入门篇
一、SpringBoot是什么?
Spring全家桶
通过main方法启动
/**此处的@SpringBootApplication注解相当于@Configuration + @EnableAutoConfiguration + @ComponentScan
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
二、概述
1、Maven的目录结构
默认有resources文件夹,存放资源配置文件。src-main-resources,src-main-java。默认的编译生成的类都在targe文件夹下面。(或者使用更加新颖的Gradle来替代Maven)置
2、spring boot默认的配置文件
必须是,也只能是application.命名的yml文件或者properties文件,且唯一**,取消传统的XML配置
3、application.yml中默认属性。**
数据库连接信息必须是以spring: datasource: 为前缀;多环境配置。该属性可以根据运行环境自动读取不同的配置文件;端口号、请求路径等
4、通过注解与约定其含义来减少配置数量**
Spring中,xml定义的Bean优先于注解定义的Bean,使用注解可以减少Bean在xmL文件配置的麻烦。
4.1spring配置
4.1.1 传统的Spring.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ssm"/>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true" />
<!-- 数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///test?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--mybatis的SqlSession的工厂-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml"/>
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:com/ssm/**/*-mapper.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--告诉mybatis去哪里找mapper.xml文件-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.ssm.dao"/>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--事务配置-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--启动事务-->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" order="3"/>
</beans>
4.1.2 基于注解的java类配置方式
import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.demo")//启动spring扫描
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:jdbc.properties"}, ignoreResourceNotFound = true)//找不到配置文件则抛出异常
@EnableTransactionManagement//启动事务
public class SpringConfig {
@Value("${jdbc.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${jdbc.password}")
private String password;
//数据源
@Bean
public BasicDataSource basicDataSource() {
BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql:///test?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8");
dataSource.setUsername(username);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
//session工厂
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean(BasicDataSource dataSource) throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
// mapper location
PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver pathResolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(pathResolver.getResources("classpath*:com/demo/**/*-mapper.xml"));
// config file
factoryBean.setConfigLocation(new ClassPathResource("mybatis.xml"));
return factoryBean;
}
//mapper扫描
@Bean
public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer() {
MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
mapperScannerConfigurer.setBasePackage("com.demo.dao");
mapperScannerConfigurer.setSqlSessionFactoryBeanName("sqlSessionFactoryBean");
return mapperScannerConfigurer;
}
//事务配置
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(BasicDataSource dataSource) {
DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);
return dataSourceTransactionManager;
}
}
4.2SpringMVC配置
4.2.1xml配置方法
步骤一 配置spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 启动MVC配置 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 静态资源 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/">
<mvc:cache-control max-age="3600" cache-public="true"/>
</mvc:resources>
<!-- 启动mvc的自动扫描。Spring.xml可以不用扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.demo"/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
</bean>
<!--用来支持文件上传的multipart处理器-->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!--todo 可以通过配置参数控制上传文件的内容和大小-->
</bean>
</beans>
步骤二 配置web.xml
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4.2.2java注解方式
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc//启动springMVC注解驱动 等价于xml 配置中的<mvc:annotation-driven/>
@ComponentScan("com.demo")//扫描创建控制器类
public class WebMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean//定义试图解析器
public ViewResolver viewResolver(){
InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/jsp/");
resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);
resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
return resolver;
}
//静态资源配置
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**")
.addResourceLocations("/static/js")
.setCacheControl(CacheControl.maxAge(1, TimeUnit.HOURS).cachePublic());
}
/*静态资源交给默认的servlet
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}*/
//文件上传组件
@Bean
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
return new CommonsMultipartResolver();
}
}
再配个启动类(相当于web.xml中配置ContextLoadListener) 继承了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer的AppInitalizer的作用就类似web.xml中的ContextLoadListener,并且会在web项目运行初始化被自动发现并加载,这就是java config的魅力所在了,不管在哪里声明了配置了,只要继承了AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,它就可以被自动加载。
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class WebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{RootConfig.class};//非SpringMVC上下文配置类,不需要就return null
}
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebMvcConfig.class};//SpringMVC上下文配置类
}
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};//dispatcher映射路径,一个string的列表,这里处理所有请求
}
//相当于web.xml中的
//<servlet-mapping>
// <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
// <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
//</servlet-mapping>
}
RootConfig,不需要的话在上面 WebAppInitializer 的 getRootConfigClasses() 里直接return null即可
可以参考官方文档:
https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/web.html#spring-web
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages="com.ssm",excludeFilters={
@ComponentScan.Filter(type= FilterType.ANNOTATION,value=EnableWebMvc.class)
})
public class RootConfig {
//RootConfig.class的内容如下,它可以放在和AppInitializer同个目录下,主要用来配置spring的bean,这里只关注web项目的实现,所以暂时没有具体内容
}
除此之外,还有关于shiro的配置,详见 https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_41612354/article/details/81736678?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.control&dist_request_id=1328575.12154.16146692452626485&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-BlogCommendFromMachineLearnPai2-1.control
总结
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