docker安装,及基础命令测试_docker -bash: ql: command not found-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_40199698/article/details/100026246

docker-ce安装：
1.网络yum源配置
   wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
1.1.默认路径指向docker官方站点,修改yum源正确路径
   baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
1.2.修改变量为具体值
   baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
          http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
          http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
1.3.同样修改变量为具体值
   baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64
2.安装docker-ce
   yum install docker-ce
3.查看docker-ce安装的相关文件
   [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -ql docker-ce
   /usr/bin/docker-init
   /usr/bin/docker-proxy
   /usr/bin/dockerd
   /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
   /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.socket
   /var/lib/docker-engine/distribution_based_engine-ce.json
4.给docker设置镜像加速器（加速器：阿里云加速器，docker cn，中国科技大学）
   [root@localhost docker]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
   {
     "registry-mirrors": ["https://l10nt4hq.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
   }
5.启动dockker
[root@localhost docker]# systemctl start docker
6.查看docker进程
[root@localhost docker]# ps -ef | grep docker
root      11690      1 0 20:33 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
7.查看docker版本
[root@localhost docker]# docker -v
Docker version 19.03.1, build 74b1e89
8.查看docker详细信息
[root@localhost docker]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
   Version:           19.03.1
   API version:       1.40
   Go version:        go1.12.5
   Git commit:        74b1e89
   Built:             Thu Jul 25 21:21:07 2019
   OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
   Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
   Engine:
    Version:          19.03.1
    API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
    Go version:       go1.12.5
    Git commit:       74b1e89
    Built:            Thu Jul 25 21:19:36 2019
    OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
    Experimental:     false
   containerd:
    Version:          1.2.6
    GitCommit:        894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb
   runc:
    Version:          1.0.0-rc8
    GitCommit:        425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f
   docker-init:
    Version:          0.18.0
    GitCommit:        fec3683
9.查看docker状态信息
[root@localhost docker]# docker info
Client:
   Debug Mode: false

Server:
   Containers: 0
    Running: 0
    Paused: 0
    Stopped: 0
   Images: 0
   Server Version: 19.03.1
   Storage Driver: devicemapper
   ...
10.docker常见命令
docker search 查找镜像
   [root@localhost docker]# docker search busybox
   NAME                      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
   busybox                   Busybox base image.                             1665                [OK]
   progrium/busybox                                                          70                                      [OK]
   radial/busyboxplus        Full-chain, Internet enabled, busybox made f…   25                                      [OK]
   注：不带“/”的为顶级仓库,否则为组织或个人所建镜像，例如：progrium/busybox(progrium为仓库，其后的busybox为自建镜像)
docker pull == docker image pull 下载镜像
docker images == docker image ls 查看镜像(需要查看所有镜像可以使用“-a”选项)
docker create == docker container create 创建一个容器
docker start == docker container start 启动一个容器
docker run == docker container run 运行一个容器(相当于上两个命令连用))
docker ps 查看创建好的容器(运行中，需要查看非运行中的需要加上-a")
docker logs 查看容器日志
docker stop == dockers container stop 停止一个运行中的容器
docker kill 强杀一个运行的容器
docker restart 重启动容器

11.docker学习理解为了空间考虑，可使用alpine版的镜像(容器小镜象)--仅作此用
   下载镜像:docker pull busybox
   [root@localhost docker]# docker pull busybox
   Using default tag: latest
   latest: Pulling from library/busybox
   ee153a04d683: Pull complete
   Digest: sha256:9f1003c480699be56815db0f8146ad2e22efea85129b5b5983d0e0fb52d9ab70
   Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
   docker.io/library/busybox:latest
   注：不带tag,默认下载最新的
12.查看下载的docker镜像
   [root@localhost docker]# docker image ls
   REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
   busybox             latest              db8ee88ad75f        4 weeks ago         1.22MB
13.创建一个容器(并未运行)
   [root@localhost docker]# docker container create busybox
   813e57a8242cf03c25d2d2eadba02502c430599a26b936e11f581afd8ebaae37
14.运行容器--启动交互式
   [root@localhost docker]# docker run -it busybox
   / # mkdir /data/web/html -p
   / # echo "<h1>welcom login busybox-based web!!</h1>" > /data/web/html/index.html
   / # httpd -f -h /data/web/html   (启动一个静态网站)
15.在宿主机上访问
   [root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.2
   <h1>welcom login busybox-based web!!</h1>
16.docker安装启动后，会自动在宿主机上建立一个docker虚拟网桥(nat桥)，默认地址是:172.17.0.1
   [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
   docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
           inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
           inet6 fe80::42:a6ff:fe04:e1db prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
           ether 02:42:a6:04:e1:db txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
           RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
           RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
           TX packets 5 bytes 418 (418.0 B)
           TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
17.启动容器常用参数
   --name 给容器自定义名称
   [root@localhost docker]# docker run --name b1 -it busybox
   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
   e8f2999b1eec        busybox             "sh"                7 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds                            b1
18.杀掉一个容器(容易数据丢失,推荐使用docker stop)
   [root@localhost ~]# docker kill b1
   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAME
   Se8f2999b1eec        busybox             "sh"                2 minutes ago       Exited (137) 18 seconds ago                       b1
19.启动一个停止的容器
   [root@localhost ~]# docker start b1
   [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
   e8f2999b1eec        busybox             "sh"                3 minutes ago       Up 4 seconds                                     b1
20.以交互式绕过容器边界进入一个容器
   [root@localhost docker]# docker exec -it b1 /bin/sh
   / # ps
   PID   USER     TIME COMMAND
       1 root      0:00 sh
       6 root      0:00 /bin/sh
      11 root      0:00 ps
21.删除一个镜像
   [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAME
   Se8f2999b1eec        busybox             "sh"                6 minutes ago       Exited (137) 36 seconds ago                       b1
   bacddd555dab        busybox             "sh"                20 minutes ago      Exited (137) 7 minutes ago                        vigi           lant_napier
   813e57a8242c        busybox             "sh"                24 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                         stupefied_clarke
   [root@localhost docker]# docker rm stupefied_clarke
   [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAME
   Se8f2999b1eec        busybox             "sh"                6 minutes ago       Exited (137) 56 seconds ago                       b1
   bacddd555dab        busybox             "sh"                20 minutes ago      Exited (137) 7 minutes ago                        vigilant_napier
   [root@localhost docker]# docker rm vigilant_napier b1
   [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a
   CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
22.运行一个redis，
[root@localhost docker]# docker run --name redis1 --rm -it -d redis
--rm 容器停止则删除
-d 容器后台运行
23.绕过边界登入进去查看
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it redis1 /bin/sh
# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> set name aaaa
127.0.0.1:6379> get name
"aaaa"
127.0.0.1:6379>