（实操）linux扩容根目录

九_天

已于 2022-02-21 10:56:57 修改

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文章标签： linux centos

于 2022-02-21 10:53:24 首次发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_39316627/article/details/123042691

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linux扩容根目录

sdb是要加入的硬盘

[root@cz-03 ~]#  lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  1.8T  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    2G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0  1.8T  0 part 
  └─centos-root 253:0    0  1.8T  0 lvm  /
sdb               8:16   0  1.8T  0 disk

操作步骤

1、使用 fdisk -l 查看硬盘序号，并用 fdisk 对硬盘操作，格式化成lvm的格式

[root@cz-03 ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sdb：214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节，419430400 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/sda：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000069ba

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：47.2 GB, 47240445952 字节，92266496 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：5368 MB, 5368709120 字节，10485760 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

[root@cz-03 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x608072d8 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-419430399，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399，默认为 419430399)：
将使用默认值 419430399
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 200 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t
已选择分区 1
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。

2、重新识别磁盘

[root@cz-03 ~]# partprobe

3.将刚刚的硬盘重新格式化，格式化为xfs格式

[root@cz-03 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=25599, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

4.使用lvm命令，对根目录进行扩容

4.1 进入lvm模式

[root@cz-03 ~]# lvm
lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <49.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12543
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          12543
  PV UUID               uqeOzg-qRxV-HzxY-kyq1-WjQu-jIgf-Db52dV

4.2 新建pv卷

lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

4.3 再次查看pv卷，已经有两个pv卷了

lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <49.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12543
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          12543
  PV UUID               uqeOzg-qRxV-HzxY-kyq1-WjQu-jIgf-Db52dV

  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<200.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name
  PV Size               <200.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               Ye5p9k-KQa7-fdc8-yITc-jWah-E9Up-UVz8RZ

4.4 查看vg组

lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <49.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12543
  Alloc PE / Size       12543 / <49.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               asHWXn-Pqs4-vzR2-xs6u-tCMv-tcPV-8n3HI9

4.5 将刚刚生成的pv卷 /dev/sdb1 加入到根目录所在的vg组：centos

lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

4.6 再次查看，根目录所在的vg组：centos 已经扩容成功

lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               248.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              63742
  Alloc PE / Size       12543 / <49.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       51199 / <200.00 GiB
  VG UUID               asHWXn-Pqs4-vzR2-xs6u-tCMv-tcPV-8n3HI9
# 看到vg size 增加到了248.99 GiB,Free PE size 也有了200.00 GiB(51199)的大小。（我们要增加的就是这个PE的大小！！）

4.7 查看lv卷

lvm> lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                Bo1IOj-Ce01-FMTS-AJ1P-h11n-eYci-X7IiAu
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                5.00 GiB
  Current LE             1280
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                T0HSKo-WS64-plXU-T0yx-WZRh-qEHU-hJ4AxX
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:36 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <44.00 GiB
  Current LE             11263
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

4.8 使用 lvextend 为根目录进行扩容

lvm> lvextend -l +51199 /dev/centos/root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <44.00 GiB (11263 extents) to 243.99 GiB (62462 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

4.9 再次查看lv卷，LV Size 已经有243.99 GiB

lvm> lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                Bo1IOj-Ce01-FMTS-AJ1P-h11n-eYci-X7IiAu
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:35 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                5.00 GiB
  Current LE             1280
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                T0HSKo-WS64-plXU-T0yx-WZRh-qEHU-hJ4AxX
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:36 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                243.99 GiB
  Current LE             62462
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
lvm> exit
  Exiting.

4.10 扩容文件系统

[root@cz-03 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=2883328 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=11533312, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=5631, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11533312 to 63961088

4.11 扩容成功

[root@cz-03 ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G   25M  7.8G    1% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  244G  2.4G  242G    1% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  150M  865M   15% /boot
tmpfs                    1.6G     0  1.6G    0% /run/user/0