Caused by: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Could not get JDBC Connection;

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-29 10:34:41 发布
最新推荐文章于 2025-05-29 10:34:41 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_38788128/article/details/80312837
本文记录了一次数据库连接异常的情况，主要表现为应用服务器无法成功连接到数据库服务器，具体表现为连接超时错误。此问题通常与网络配置、防火墙设置及数据库服务器的连接策略有关。

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 ERROR o.s.s.s.TaskUtils$LoggingErrorHandler - Unexpected error occurred in scheduled task.
org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException: nested exception is org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error querying database.  Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Could not get JDBC Connection; nested exception is org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create PoolableConnectionFactory (Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.)
### The error may exist in file [/DATA/app/apache-tomcat-6.0.48/webapps/BigeyeCenter/WEB-INF/classes/mybatis/info/Scriptinfo06.xml]
### The error may involve com.travelsky.updateDatabase.dao.info.B_ScriptInfo06.queryScriptInfoList
### The error occurred while executing a query
### Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Could not get JDBC Connection; nested exception is org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create PoolableConnectionFactory (Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.)
        at org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(MyBatisExceptionTranslator.java:75) ~[mybatis-spring-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:371) ~[mybatis-spring-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy89.selectList(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate.selectList(SqlSessionTemplate.java:198) ~[mybatis-spring-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.executeForMany(MapperMethod.java:114) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperMethod.execute(MapperMethod.java:58) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy.invoke(MapperProxy.java:43) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy120.queryScriptInfoList(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:317) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor.invoke(MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor.java:52) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:207) ~[spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy121.queryScriptInfoList(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
        at com.travelsky.updateDatabase.service.impl.B_ScriptInfoServiceImpl.updateScriptInfo(B_ScriptInfoServiceImpl.java:126) ~[B_ScriptInfoServiceImpl.class:na]
        at com.travelsky.updateDatabase.task.UpdataTaskTest.taskCycle(UpdataTaskTest.java:139) ~[UpdataTaskTest.class:na]
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable.run(ScheduledMethodRunnable.java:65) ~[spring-context-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.scheduling.support.DelegatingErrorHandlingRunnable.run(DelegatingErrorHandlingRunnable.java:54) ~[spring-context-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ReschedulingRunnable.run(ReschedulingRunnable.java:81) [spring-context-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471) [na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262) [na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:178) [na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:292) [na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) [na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) [na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744) [na:1.7.0_45]
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error querying database.  Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Could not get JDBC Connection; nested exception is org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create PoolableConnectionFactory (Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.)
### The error may exist in file [/DATA/app/apache-tomcat-6.0.48/webapps/BigeyeCenter/WEB-INF/classes/mybatis/info/Scriptinfo06.xml]
### The error may involve com.travelsky.updateDatabase.dao.info.B_ScriptInfo06.queryScriptInfoList
### The error occurred while executing a query
### Cause: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Could not get JDBC Connection; nested exception is org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create PoolableConnectionFactory (Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.)
        at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:23) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:107) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:98) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor120.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate$SqlSessionInterceptor.invoke(SqlSessionTemplate.java:358) ~[mybatis-spring-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        ... 35 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.jdbc.CannotGetJdbcConnectionException: Could not get JDBC Connection; nested exception is org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create PoolableConnectionFactory (Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.)
        at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils.getConnection(DataSourceUtils.java:80) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction.openConnection(SpringManagedTransaction.java:81) ~[mybatis-spring-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction.getConnection(SpringManagedTransaction.java:67) ~[mybatis-spring-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.getConnection(BaseExecutor.java:271) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor.prepareStatement(SimpleExecutor.java:69) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.executor.SimpleExecutor.doQuery(SimpleExecutor.java:56) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.queryFromDatabase(BaseExecutor.java:259) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.executor.BaseExecutor.query(BaseExecutor.java:132) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:105) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.query(CachingExecutor.java:81) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.selectList(DefaultSqlSession.java:104) ~[mybatis-3.2.4.jar:3.2.4]
        ... 40 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create PoolableConnectionFactory (Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.)
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource.createDataSource(BasicDataSource.java:1225) ~[commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource.getConnection(BasicDataSource.java:880) ~[commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource.getConnection(AbstractRoutingDataSource.java:164) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils.doGetConnection(DataSourceUtils.java:111) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils.getConnection(DataSourceUtils.java:77) ~[spring-jdbc-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar:4.0.0.RELEASE]
        ... 50 common frames omitted
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure

The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server.
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1127) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:356) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.coreConnect(ConnectionImpl.java:2502) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.connectOneTryOnly(ConnectionImpl.java:2539) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2321) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.<init>(ConnectionImpl.java:832) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection.<init>(JDBC4Connection.java:46) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor209.newInstance(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.getInstance(ConnectionImpl.java:417) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.NonRegisteringDriver.connect(NonRegisteringDriver.java:344) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.DriverConnectionFactory.createConnection(DriverConnectionFactory.java:38) ~[commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.PoolableConnectionFactory.makeObject(PoolableConnectionFactory.java:294) ~[commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource.validateConnectionFactory(BasicDataSource.java:1247) ~[commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        at org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource.createDataSource(BasicDataSource.java:1221) ~[commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar:1.2.2]
        ... 54 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out
        at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:528) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:425) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:241) ~[na:1.7.0_45]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.StandardSocketFactory.connect(StandardSocketFactory.java:258) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:306) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.30.jar:na]
        ... 69 common frames omitted

日志报错。这里的错误是服务器连接其他服务器器的数据库，网段没有开放，端口策略要修改


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最新发布
07-10
<think>我们遇到了一个异常：`org.springframework.jdbc.BadSqlGrammarException`。这个异常通常发生在Spring框架执行SQL语句时，SQL语法有问题或者执行的操作与数据库状态不匹配（比如表或列不存在）。下面我将详细解释原因并提供解决方案。 ### 原因分析 1. **SQL语法错误**：编写的SQL语句存在语法错误，例如关键字拼写错误、缺少逗号、引号不匹配等。 2. **数据库对象不存在**：SQL中引用的表、视图、列等数据库对象在数据库中不存在。 3. **数据类型不匹配**：SQL语句中使用的数据类型与数据库表结构定义不匹配。 4. **权限问题**：当前数据库用户没有执行该SQL语句的权限。 5. **多数据源配置问题**：在多数据源环境下，可能SQL在错误的数据源上执行。 ### 解决方案 #### 1. 检查SQL语句 首先，定位到引发异常的SQL语句。查看异常堆栈信息，通常会有具体的SQL语句和错误信息。例如： ```java Caused by: org.springframework.jdbc.BadSqlGrammarException: StatementCallback; bad SQL grammar [SELECT * FROM non_existent_table]; nested exception is java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'test.non_existent_table' doesn't exist ``` 这里，SQL语句是`SELECT * FROM non_existent_table`，而错误原因是表不存在。 #### 2. 验证数据库对象存在性 - 检查表名、列名是否正确（注意大小写，有些数据库区分大小写）。 - 检查数据库迁移脚本是否已正确运行（如Flyway或Liquibase）。 #### 3. 检查数据类型 确保在SQL语句中使用的值与数据库表结构匹配。例如，字符串应该用单引号括起来，日期类型也要正确格式化。 #### 4. 检查数据库权限 确认数据库用户有执行该SQL的权限。例如： ```sql GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON your_table TO your_user; ``` #### 5. 多数据源配置检查 如果项目配置了多个数据源，确保每个数据源的操作都在正确的数据源上执行。可以通过在DAO层使用`@Transactional`注解指定事务管理器，或者使用`JdbcTemplate`时指定数据源。 ### 代码示例：如何捕获并处理BadSqlGrammarException ```java import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException; import org.springframework.jdbc.BadSqlGrammarException; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; @Repository public class ExampleRepository { private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; public ExampleRepository(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) { this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate; } public void executeSql() { String sql = "SELECT * FROM non_existent_table"; try { jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql); } catch (BadSqlGrammarException e) { // 获取具体的SQLException java.sql.SQLException rootCause = e.getSQLException(); // 记录详细的错误信息 System.err.println("SQL State: " + rootCause.getSQLState()); System.err.println("Error Code: " + rootCause.getErrorCode()); System.err.println("Message: " + rootCause.getMessage()); // 这里可以添加自定义处理逻辑，比如回退操作或者通知 } catch (DataAccessException e) { // 处理其他数据访问异常 e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` ### 预防措施 1. **使用ORM框架**：如JPA或MyBatis，它们可以减少手写SQL的错误。 2. **单元测试**：对数据库操作进行单元测试，使用内存数据库（如H2）测试SQL的正确性。 3. **代码审查**：对SQL语句进行代码审查。 4. **数据库版本控制**：使用Flyway或Liquibase管理数据库脚本，确保数据库结构一致。 §§相关问题§§: 1. Spring框架中还有哪些常见的数据访问异常？ 2. 如何在Spring Boot中配置H2数据库进行单元测试？ 3. 使用JPA时如何避免SQL语法错误？ 4. 在多数据源场景下如何确保SQL在正确的数据源上执行？</think>### `BadSqlGrammarException` 异常分析与解决方案 #### 问题原因： `BadSqlGrammarException` 是 Spring JDBC 框架抛出的异常，表示 SQL 语法错误或数据库对象访问问题。根本原因通常包括： 1. **SQL 语法错误**：SQL 语句存在语法问题（如缺少关键字、错误拼接等） 2. **数据库对象不存在**：引用的表/视图/列不存在 3. **数据类型不匹配**：参数类型与数据库字段类型冲突 4. **权限问题**：数据库用户缺少操作权限 5. **SQL 注入风险**：未使用参数化查询导致特殊字符破坏语法 --- ### 解决方案： #### 1. 定位问题 SQL 在异常堆栈中找到具体的 SQL 语句： ```java try { jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO users VALUES(?, ?)", id, name); } catch (BadSqlGrammarException ex) { // 获取问题SQL String problemSql = ex.getSql(); System.out.println("问题SQL: " + problemSql); // 获取原生SQL异常 SQLException rootCause = ex.getSQLException(); System.out.println("SQL状态码: " + rootCause.getSQLState()); System.out.println("错误代码: " + rootCause.getErrorCode()); System.out.println("错误信息: " + rootCause.getMessage()); } ``` #### 2. 验证 SQL 语法 使用数据库客户端工具直接执行问题 SQL： ```sql -- 示例错误SQL SELECT user_name, FROM sys_user WHERE id = 1; -- 注意多余的逗号 -- 修正后 SELECT user_name FROM sys_user WHERE id = 1; ``` #### 3. 检查数据库对象 验证表/列是否存在： ```java // 检查表是否存在 public boolean tableExists(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, String tableName) { String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.tables " + "WHERE table_name = ? AND table_schema = DATABASE()"; return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, tableName) > 0; } // 检查列是否存在 public boolean columnExists(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, String table, String column) { String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM information_schema.columns " + "WHERE table_name = ? AND column_name = ?"; return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, table, column) > 0; } ``` #### 4. 使用参数化查询 避免 SQL 注入和语法错误： ```java // ❌ 错误方式：字符串拼接 String badSql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '" + name + "'"; // ✅ 正确方式：参数化查询 String safeSql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?"; jdbcTemplate.query(safeSql, new Object[]{name}, rowMapper); ``` #### 5. 验证数据类型 检查参数类型匹配： ```java // 获取表结构元数据 public void printTableMeta(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, String tableName) { jdbcTemplate.execute(conn -> { DatabaseMetaData meta = conn.getMetaData(); try (ResultSet rs = meta.getColumns(null, null, tableName, null)) { while (rs.next()) { System.out.printf("列名: %-20s 类型: %-15s 大小: %d%n", rs.getString("COLUMN_NAME"), rs.getString("TYPE_NAME"), rs.getInt("COLUMN_SIZE")); } } return null; }); } ``` #### 6. 权限验证 检查数据库用户权限： ```java public boolean hasTableAccess(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate, String table) { String sql = "SELECT HAS_TABLE_PRIVILEGE(CURRENT_USER, ?, 'SELECT')"; return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Boolean.class, table); } ``` --- ### 预防措施： 1. **SQL 审查**：使用 SQL 检查工具（如 PMD/SonarQube） 2. **集成测试**：添加数据库集成测试 ```java @SpringBootTest class UserRepositoryTest { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Test void testValidSql() { assertDoesNotThrow(() -> jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT * FROM sys_user", new UserRowMapper())); } } ``` 3. **ORM 框架**：使用 JPA/Hibernate 减少原生 SQL ```java public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> { // 自动生成安全SQL List<User> findByUserName(String name); } ```
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