python-tkinter学习（二）

5.radiobutton选择按钮

定义一个label作为提示框，
注意l.config（）可以更新label中的text内容
tk.radiobutton（）中传入的参数

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry('200x200')

var = tk.StringVar()  # 定义一个变量
l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=20, text='empty')
l.pack()


def print_selection():
    l.config(text='you have selected ' + var.get())


# 在window上显示为Option A，当选中时，将variable的var赋值为value：A
r1 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text='Option A', variable=var, value='A', command=print_selection)
r1.pack()

r2 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text='Option B', variable=var, value='B', command=print_selection)
r2.pack()

r3 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text='Option C', variable=var, value='C', command=print_selection)
r3.pack()

window.mainloop()

运行如图：

6.scale尺度-进度条

tk.Scale()，注意参数，描述，从5-11，from_下面有个杠，orient为方向，length为长度，展示值设置为不显示0表示false，单位长度tickinterval为3,保留小数位数resolution
注意：command有一个默认的传入值，为标度的值，v

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry('200x200')

l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=20, text='empty')
l.pack()


def print_selection(v):
    l.config(text='you have selected ' + v)


s = tk.Scale(window, label='try me', from_=5, to=11, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,
             length=200, showvalue=0, tickinterval=3, resolution=0.01, command=print_selection)
s.pack()

window.mainloop()

运行如图：

7.checkbutton勾选项

tk.Checkbutton()表示勾选项，
注意传入参数：勾选上onvalue=1,未勾选offvalue=0,判断值进行函数label更新内容。

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry('200x200')

l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=20, text='empty')
l.pack()


def print_selection():
    if (var1.get() == 1) and (var2.get() == 0):
        l.config(text='I love only python.')
    elif (var1.get() == 0) and (var2.get() == 1):
        l.config(text='I love only C++.')
    elif (var1.get() == 0) and (var2.get() == 0):
        l.config(text='I do not love either.')
    else:
        l.config(text='I love both.')


var1 = tk.IntVar()
var2 = tk.IntVar()
c1 = tk.Checkbutton(window, text='Python', variable=var1, onvalue=1, offvalue=0, command=print_selection)
c2 = tk.Checkbutton(window, text='C++', variable=var2, onvalue=1, offvalue=0, command=print_selection)
c1.pack()
c2.pack()

window.mainloop()

运行如下：

8.Canvas画布

我们创建一个画布，在上面放图片，画线，画圆形，画方形，
并设置button，按一下，方形往下移动2个单位。
注意：放图片时设置位置，nw左上角为0,0。

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("400x400")

canvas = tk.Canvas(window, bg='blue', height=200, width=400)
image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file='ins.gif')
image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=image_file)
x0, y0, x1, y1 = 50, 50, 80, 80
line = canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1)  # 画个线
oval = canvas.create_oval(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill='red')  # 画个圆形
arc = canvas.create_arc(x0+30, y0+30, x1+30, y1+30, start=0,extent=180)  # 画个扇形,从0度打开到180度
rect = canvas.create_rectangle(100,30,120,50) # 正方形
canvas.pack()


def moveit():
    # 把正方形往下移动
    canvas.move(rect,0,2)  # 移动rect，x不移动，y每次移动2个单位


b = tk.Button(window, text='move', command=moveit).pack()

window.mainloop()

运行如图：