Maven打包脚本简单入门

1.如何在打包后的MANIFEST.MF中申明Main-Class和Class-Path？在pom.xml文件中添加以下配置，若不添加此配置，则生成默认的MANIFEST.MF

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.6</version>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <classpathPrefix>lib</classpathPrefix>
                <mainClass>com.broada.Startup</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

#没配置maven-jar-plugin
Manifest-Version: 1.0
Archiver-Version: Plexus Archiver
Built-By: XX
Created-By: Apache Maven 3.3.9
Build-Jdk: 1.8.0_121

#配置maven-jar-plugin
Manifest-Version: 1.0
Archiver-Version: Plexus Archiver
Built-By: XX
Created-By: Apache Maven 3.3.9
Build-Jdk: 1.8.0_121
Class-Path:lib/spring-tx-4.3.11.RELEASE.jar lib/dubbo-2.8.4.171113.jar lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar lib/netty-3.7.0.Final.jar
Main-Class: com.xx.Startup

2.将依赖包打包到指定目录

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.10</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>copy-dependencies</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy</goal> <!-- copy:拷贝指定依赖包到dependency(默认)或指定目录下，copy-dependencies: 拷贝依赖包-->
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <artifactItems>
                    <artifactItem>
                        <groupId>junit</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                        <version>4.11</version>
                        <!--<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>-->
                    </artifactItem>
                </artifactItems>
            </configuration>
            <!-- 不设置该输出目录，则默认dependency-->
            <!--<configuration>-->
                <!--<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>-->
            <!--</configuration>-->
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

goal:

• copy: 将指定的依赖包拷贝到指定的目录（默认为dependency）
• unpack: 将指定的依赖包解压后拷贝到指定目录
• copy-dependencies: 将项目所有依赖包拷贝到指定目录
• unpack-dependencies: 将项目所有依赖包解压后拷贝到指定目录

outputDirectory: 指定依赖包的输出目录，若不指定，默认为dependency

3.指定需要打包的资源文件

<!-- 不设置resources情况下，默认加载src/main/resources下面的资源文件和src/main/java下的class文件，若定义了resources，则默认不会加载resources下面的文件，需指定-->
<resources>
    <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
    </resource>
    <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
            <include>**/*.xml</include>
            <include>**/*.properties</include>
        </includes>
        <excludes>
            <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
        </excludes>
    </resource>
</resources>

• 若在pom.xml文件中的<build>中不指定<resources>，则打包默认加载src/main/resources下的所有资源文件以及src/main/java下的所有.class文件
• 若在<build>中指定了<resources>属性，则默认不会加载src/main/resources下面的资源文件，需单独指定
• 默认情况下打包只会加载src/main/java下的.class文件，若想加载该目录下的其它文件，可用<include>属性单独进行指定
• 若在<resource>中指定了src/main/java，则打包后会加载该目录下的所有文件，包括.java文件，可用<exclude>属性排除

4.maven-assembly-plugin插件打tar.gz包

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.6</version>
    <!--
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <mainClass>com.xx.Startup</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
    </configuration>
    -->
    <configuration>
        <descriptors>
            <descriptor>assembly.xml</descriptor>
        </descriptors>
        <finalName>appName</finalName>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>build-assembly</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

descriptorRef是提供的默认打包方式，其包含bin、src、jar-with-dependencies、project，一般采用自行定义打包内容，下图是自定义的assembly.xml文件

<assembly
    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.2 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.2.xsd">
    <id>V1.0</id>
    <formats>
        <format>tar.gz</format>
    </formats>


    <fileSets>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/main/resources/conf</directory>
            <outputDirectory>./conf</outputDirectory>
            <fileMode>0755</fileMode>
        </fileSet>

        <fileSet>
            <directory>target/classes</directory>
            <outputDirectory>./classes</outputDirectory>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>


    <dependencySets>
        <dependencySet>
            <outputDirectory>./lib</outputDirectory>
            <excludes>
                <exclude>${groupId}:${artifactId}</exclude>
            </excludes>
        </dependencySet>
    </dependencySets>
</assembly>

打包后默认包名为${artifactId}-${id}.tar.gz，artifactId为工程创建时的定义的值，id为assembly.xml中定义的值