ORACLE 11g RMAN备份恢复--nocatalog

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本文详细介绍了 Oracle 11g RMAN 在 nocatalog 模式下的备份与恢复流程，包括数据库完全备份、表空间备份、数据文件备份等操作，并展示了如何进行压缩备份以节省存储空间。

今天学习学习了一下 ORACLE 11g RMAN在 nocatalog（无恢复目录）模式下的备份与恢复，如果要在线备份，数据库必须是rachilvelog的，根据自己的理解，

nocatalog无目录下，将备份集的相关信息都存储到了控制文件中。由于控制文件的大小不能无限增大，所以在控制文件中只能保留一段时间的备份与恢复信息，而这个时间的控制，由一个参数为参考依据，这个参数就是control_file_record_keep_time，通过在sqlplus中show parameter control_file_record_keep_time 可以查到这个参数的值，默认为7天。

将相关的步骤和命令记录下来了：

STEP1：数据库完整备份

[oracle@REDHAT6 ~]$ rman nocatalog target /

RMAN> backup database;

Starting backup at 26-JAN-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=125 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oradata/df2.dbfdf2
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/df1.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_01_26/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150126T000807_bdb5797b_.bkp tag=TAG20150126T000807 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:36
Finished backup at 26-JAN-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/c-1396675707-20150126-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15

执行全备后，数据文件备份在目录：/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_01_26/ ，由于我设置了控制文件的目录，所以控制文件和参数文件备份到了目录：/home/oracle/db_backup

查看备份集相关的信息

RMAN> list backupset;

oracle的数据压缩备份压缩率挺高的，再来测试一个压缩全备的例子

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database;

查看备份集的信息

由此可见，使用压缩备份后，备份文件所使用的空间确实小了很多（上图是1.3G，压缩备份后是325M）！

查看架构信息：

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    730      SYSTEM               ***     /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
2    780      SYSAUX               ***     /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
3    195      UNDOTBS1             ***     /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
4    5        USERS                ***     /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
5    345      EXAMPLE              ***     /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/example01.dbf
6    9        TBS1                 ***     /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/df1.dbf
7    10       SYSTEM               ***     /u01/app/oradata/df2.dbfdf2

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    29       TEMP                 32767       /u01/app/oradata/ORCL/temp01.dbf

备份表空间

RMAN> backup tablespace TBS1;


Starting backup at 26-JAN-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oradata/ORCL/df1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_01_26/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150126T230457_bddowtb8_.bkp tag=TAG20150126T230457 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-JAN-15


Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/c-1396675707-20150126-02 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15

备份数据文件

RMAN> backup datafile 7;

Starting backup at 26-JAN-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oradata/df2.dbfdf2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_01_26/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150126T230830_bddp3gq5_.bkp tag=TAG20150126T230830 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-JAN-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/c-1396675707-20150126-03 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15

备份控制文件

RMAN> backup current controlfile;

Starting backup at 26-JAN-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_01_26/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20150126T231003_bddp6f0r_.bkp tag=TAG20150126T231003 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished backup at 26-JAN-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/c-1396675707-20150126-04 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15

备份参数文件：

RMAN> backup spfile;

Starting backup at 26-JAN-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_01_26/o1_mf_nnsnf_TAG20150126T231044_bddp7n8t_.bkp tag=TAG20150126T231044 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 26-JAN-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/c-1396675707-20150126-05 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15

细心观察可以发现，我已经在rman中打开了控制文件的自动备份，所以每次执行备份时，都会将控制文件和参数文件一起备份在 /home/oracle/db_backup/ 下面

备份归档日志

RMAN> backup archivelog all;

Starting backup at 26-JAN-15
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=52 RECID=1 STAMP=869608853
input archived log thread=1 sequence=53 RECID=2 STAMP=869630447
input archived log thread=1 sequence=54 RECID=3 STAMP=869684347
input archived log thread=1 sequence=55 RECID=4 STAMP=869695863
input archived log thread=1 sequence=56 RECID=5 STAMP=869732426
input archived log thread=1 sequence=57 RECID=6 STAMP=869756433
input archived log thread=1 sequence=58 RECID=7 STAMP=869825464
input archived log thread=1 sequence=59 RECID=8 STAMP=869825604
input archived log thread=1 sequence=60 RECID=9 STAMP=869839255
input archived log thread=1 sequence=61 RECID=10 STAMP=869857213
input archived log thread=1 sequence=62 RECID=11 STAMP=869896821
input archived log thread=1 sequence=63 RECID=12 STAMP=869904727
input archived log thread=1 sequence=64 RECID=13 STAMP=869911576
input archived log thread=1 sequence=68 RECID=14 STAMP=870007134
input archived log thread=1 sequence=69 RECID=15 STAMP=870021153
input archived log thread=1 sequence=70 RECID=16 STAMP=870021547
input archived log thread=1 sequence=71 RECID=17 STAMP=870022570
input archived log thread=1 sequence=72 RECID=18 STAMP=870022955
input archived log thread=1 sequence=73 RECID=19 STAMP=870040865
input archived log thread=1 sequence=74 RECID=20 STAMP=870045710
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/u01/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_01_26/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150126T232150_bddpwh0d_.bkp tag=TAG20150126T232150 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36
Finished backup at 26-JAN-15

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15
piece handle=/home/oracle/db_backup/c-1396675707-20150126-06 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 26-JAN-15

上面是在nocatalog模式下的相关备份命令。

下面查看一下备份集概要信息

RMAN> list backupset summary;


List of Backups
===============
Key     TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag
------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
6       B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T000807
7       B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T000944
8       B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       YES        TAG20150126T002250
9       B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T002446
10      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T230457
11      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T230459
12      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T230830
13      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T230831
14      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T231003
15      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T231006
16      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T231044
17      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T231045
18      B  A  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T232150
19      B  F  A DISK        26-JAN-15       1       1       NO         TAG20150126T232226