云服务器磁盘扩容

已于 2024-11-23 01:19:58 修改
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文章标签： 运维 linux 服务器
于 2024-11-22 16:37:29 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_36154886/article/details/143977608
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非LVM扩容

扩容操作属于高危操作，对于新手而言有较大的风险，建议先在测试环境中进行操作理解后再去生产环境,如非必要，不建议新手操作生产环境，云平台没有备份，请万分谨慎操作!

扩容操作属于高危操作，对于新手而言有较大的风险，建议先在测试环境中进行操作理解后再去生产环境,如非必要，不建议新手操作生产环境，云平台没有备份，请万分谨慎操作!

扩容操作属于高危操作，对于新手而言有较大的风险，建议先在测试环境中进行操作理解后再去生产环境,如非必要，不建议新手操作生产环境，云平台没有备份，请万分谨慎操作!

  • 以下操作基于ext4格式演示,其他格式在个别步骤不一样，请勿直接照抄
  • 以下操作基于ext4格式演示,其他格式在个别步骤不一样，请勿直接照抄
  • 以下操作基于ext4格式演示,其他格式在个别步骤不一样，请勿直接照抄

未分区直接格式化场景扩容

root@harbor:~# lsblk 
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0                      11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda                     254:0    0   50G  0 disk 
|-vda1                  254:1    0  512M  0 part /boot/efi
|-vda2                  254:2    0  488M  0 part /boot
`-vda3                  254:3    0   19G  0 part 
  |-Debian12--vg-root   253:1    0   18G  0 lvm  /
  `-Debian12--vg-swap_1 253:2    0  976M  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb                     254:16   0   50G  0 disk 
`-vdb1                  254:17   0   50G  0 part 
  `-harbor-data         253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
vdc                     254:32   0   10G  0 disk 
root@harbor:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 2621440 4k blocks and 655360 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 3108e3c4-c688-4280-954f-68ab2b800435
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

root@harbor:~# mkdir /t
root@harbor:~# mount /dev/vdc /t
root@harbor:~# df -h
Filesystem                     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                          794M  640K  794M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/Debian12--vg-root   18G  4.6G   13G  28% /
tmpfs                          3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                          5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/vda2                      456M   69M  363M  16% /boot
/dev/vda1                      511M  5.9M  506M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/harbor-data         50G   16G   35G  31% /data
tmpfs                          794M  4.0K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/vdc                       9.8G   24K  9.3G   1% /t
root@harbor:~# lsblk 
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0                      11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda                     254:0    0   50G  0 disk 
|-vda1                  254:1    0  512M  0 part /boot/efi
|-vda2                  254:2    0  488M  0 part /boot
`-vda3                  254:3    0   19G  0 part 
  |-Debian12--vg-root   253:1    0   18G  0 lvm  /
  `-Debian12--vg-swap_1 253:2    0  976M  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb                     254:16   0   50G  0 disk 
`-vdb1                  254:17   0   50G  0 part 
  `-harbor-data         253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
vdc                     254:32   0   20G  0 disk /t
root@harbor:~# df -h
Filesystem                     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                          794M  640K  794M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/Debian12--vg-root   18G  4.6G   13G  28% /
tmpfs                          3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                          5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/vda2                      456M   69M  363M  16% /boot
/dev/vda1                      511M  5.9M  506M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/harbor-data         50G   16G   35G  31% /data
tmpfs                          794M  4.0K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/vdc                       9.8G   24K  9.3G   1% /t
root@harbor:~# resize2fs /dev/vdc # 执行扩容操作,其他文件格式的命令不同
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/vdc is mounted on /t; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/vdc is now 5242880 (4k) blocks long.

root@harbor:~# df -h
Filesystem                     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                          794M  640K  794M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/Debian12--vg-root   18G  4.6G   13G  28% /
tmpfs                          3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                          5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/vda2                      456M   69M  363M  16% /boot
/dev/vda1                      511M  5.9M  506M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/harbor-data         50G   16G   35G  31% /data
tmpfs                          794M  4.0K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/vdc                        20G   24K   19G   1% /t
root@harbor:~#

已分区扩容

原分区操作

root@harbor:~# lsblk 
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0                      11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda                     254:0    0   50G  0 disk 
|-vda1                  254:1    0  512M  0 part /boot/efi
|-vda2                  254:2    0  488M  0 part /boot
`-vda3                  254:3    0   19G  0 part 
  |-Debian12--vg-root   253:1    0   18G  0 lvm  /
  `-Debian12--vg-swap_1 253:2    0  976M  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb                     254:16   0   50G  0 disk 
`-vdb1                  254:17   0   50G  0 part 
  `-harbor-data         253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
vdc                     254:32   0   20G  0 disk 
`-vdc1                  254:33   0   20G  0 part 
root@harbor:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc1
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 4c1adf35-8be0-4c2f-8595-a3c66ddaa243
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

root@harbor:~# lsblk 
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0                      11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda                     254:0    0   50G  0 disk 
|-vda1                  254:1    0  512M  0 part /boot/efi
|-vda2                  254:2    0  488M  0 part /boot
`-vda3                  254:3    0   19G  0 part 
  |-Debian12--vg-root   253:1    0   18G  0 lvm  /
  `-Debian12--vg-swap_1 253:2    0  976M  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb                     254:16   0   50G  0 disk 
`-vdb1                  254:17   0   50G  0 part 
  `-harbor-data         253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
vdc                     254:32   0   20G  0 disk 
`-vdc1                  254:33   0   20G  0 part

扩容操作

root@harbor:~# lsblk 
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0                      11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda                     254:0    0   50G  0 disk 
|-vda1                  254:1    0  512M  0 part /boot/efi
|-vda2                  254:2    0  488M  0 part /boot
`-vda3                  254:3    0   19G  0 part 
  |-Debian12--vg-root   253:1    0   18G  0 lvm  /
  `-Debian12--vg-swap_1 253:2    0  976M  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb                     254:16   0   50G  0 disk 
`-vdb1                  254:17   0   50G  0 part 
  `-harbor-data         253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
vdc                     254:32   0   30G  0 disk 
`-vdc1                  254:33   0   20G  0 part 
root@harbor:~#

此时可以看到，磁盘空间大于分区空间,说明磁盘已经扩容成功,但是分区没有扩容,需要手动扩容分区

root@harbor:~# fdisk /dev/vdc

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.38.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

GPT PMBR size mismatch (41943039 != 62914559) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device. This problem will be corrected by write.

Command (m for help): d # 删除分区(切记不要在此时保存)

Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (2048-62914526, default 2048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-62914526, default 62912511): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 30 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n # 不删除分区签名,否则原分区数据会丢失

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

root@harbor:~#

Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o:一定要选择n


root@harbor:~# lsblk 
NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0                      11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda                     254:0    0   50G  0 disk 
|-vda1                  254:1    0  512M  0 part /boot/efi
|-vda2                  254:2    0  488M  0 part /boot
`-vda3                  254:3    0   19G  0 part 
  |-Debian12--vg-root   253:1    0   18G  0 lvm  /
  `-Debian12--vg-swap_1 253:2    0  976M  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb                     254:16   0   50G  0 disk 
`-vdb1                  254:17   0   50G  0 part 
  `-harbor-data         253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /data
vdc                     254:32   0   30G  0 disk 
`-vdc1                  254:33   0   30G  0 part 
root@harbor:~# df -h
Filesystem                     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                          794M  644K  794M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/Debian12--vg-root   18G  4.6G   13G  28% /
tmpfs                          3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                          5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/vda2                      456M   69M  363M  16% /boot
/dev/vda1                      511M  5.9M  506M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/harbor-data         50G   16G   35G  31% /data
tmpfs                          794M  4.0K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/vdc1                       20G   24K   19G   1% /t
root@harbor:~#

此时，分区已经扩容完成，但是挂载信息还是旧的空间,下面再进行刷新即可

root@harbor:~# resize2fs /dev/vdc1  # 执行扩容操作,其他文件格式的命令不同
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/vdc1 is mounted on /t; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/vdc1 is now 7863808 (4k) blocks long.

root@harbor:~# df -h
Filesystem                     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                          794M  644K  794M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/Debian12--vg-root   18G  4.6G   13G  28% /
tmpfs                          3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                          5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/vda2                      456M   69M  363M  16% /boot
/dev/vda1                      511M  5.9M  506M   2% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/harbor-data         50G   16G   35G  31% /data
tmpfs                          794M  4.0K  794M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/vdc1                       30G   24K   28G   1% /t
root@harbor:~#

LVM扩容

Linux使用LVM调整根分区(扩容)

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