mysql在linux上安装_linux mysql.server start -bash: mysql.server: comm-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_35796004/article/details/120979786

1.将安装包上传到linux服务器

可以使用rz命令进行上传

创建app目录用来存放mysql

2.解压安装包

[root@localhost app]# tar  xvf  mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

由于解压之后名字太长，这里笔者对 mysql目录进行了修改，修改成为了mysql

3.配置环境变量

在/etc/profile文件的末尾追加

export PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH

执行source命令

[root@localhost bin]# source /etc/profile

4.创建数据目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir data/mysql -p

5.创建用户并授权

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /app/*
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*

6.数据库初始化

第一种初始化方式

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

可能会报如下错误

mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

原因：操作系统中缺少libaio-devel包

解决：

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y libaio-devel

再重新执行数据库初始化命令

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
2021-10-26T20:58:58.040542Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-10-26T20:58:58.765886Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-10-26T20:59:00.026036Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-10-26T20:59:00.274919Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 8b14f390-369f-11ec-9c86-000c29df45df.
2021-10-26T20:59:00.286261Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-10-26T20:59:01.111451Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-10-26T20:59:01.315125Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ?Qh4gk3!_UwX

注意：1.初始化完成后在末尾会有初始密码

2.自己设置的密码复杂度要高，12位及以上；

3.密码过期时间是180天

如果不想要上面的注意事项生效，数据库初始化命令可以使用如下方式：

第二种初始化方式

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

推荐使用第二种

7.编辑配置文件

如果使用的是第二种，可以通过如下命令添加编辑配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

最简单的文件内容如下

[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/app/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
server_id=6
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
prompt=3306 [\\d]>

8.启动和关闭mysql

方式1

启动

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cd /app/mysql/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ./mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS!

关闭

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cd /app/mysql/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ./mysql.server stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

方式2

拷贝mysql.server文件到/etc/init.d/mysqld下

cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

启动、重启、关闭、查询运行状态命令如下

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld status

方式 3：

使用systemd管理mysql

vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service

添加如下内容
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

启动、重启、关闭、查询运行状态命令如下

 systemctl start mysqld
 systemctl restart mysqld
 systemctl stop mysqld
 systemctl status mysqld

注意：配置文件的具体配置，在后续更新