Percona XtraBackup下载与应用

Percona XtraBackup下载与应用：
1.下载Percona XtraBackup：https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/#

2.创建备份恢复的用户：

mysql> create user mulong@'localhost' identified by '123456';
mysql> grant reload,process,lock tables,replication client on *.* to mulong@localhost;

3.创建data存放目录：
mkdir -p /data/db_backup/

4.进行数据全备
/usr/bin/innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --parallel=2 --throttle=200 /data/db_backup/xtrabackup --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

#执行命令后输出：
xtrabackup: recognized server arguments:
xtrabackup: recognized client arguments:
180726 15:00:18 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation

IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints “completed OK!”.
180726 15:00:28 All tables unlocked
180726 15:00:28 Backup created in directory ‘/data/db_backup/xtrabackup/2020-03-28_17-33-41/’
MySQL binlog position: filename ‘master-bin.000008’, position ‘191’, GTID of the last change ‘5be531c0-3252-11e8-a5a9-000c2923f205:1-1079’
180726 15:00:28 [00] Writing /mnt/backup/2020-07-26_15-00-18/backup-my.cnf
180726 15:00:28 [00] …done
180726 15:00:28 [00] Writing /mnt/backup/2020-07-26_15-00-18/xtrabackup_info
180726 15:00:28 [00] …done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1090604498) to (1090604498) was copied.
180726 15:00:29 completed OK!

以上可以看到整个备份过程，说明备份成功！

5.查看全备后生成的文件：/data/db_backup/xtrabackup/2020-03-28_17-33-41/

[root@szq 2020-03-28_17-33-41]# ll /data/db_backup/xtrabackup/2020-03-28_17-33-41/
 
total 131112
-rw-r-----. 1 root root      481 Mar 28 17:33 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Mar 28 17:38 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 50331648 Mar 28 17:38 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 50331648 Mar 28 17:38 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Mar 28 17:38 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root     4096 Mar 28 17:38 incre1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root     4096 Mar 28 17:38 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root     4096 Mar 28 17:38 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root     4096 Mar 28 17:38 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root       64 Mar 28 17:38 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root       23 Mar 28 17:38 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root      113 Mar 28 17:38 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root      724 Mar 28 17:38 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  8388608 Mar 28 17:38 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root        1 Mar 28 17:38 xtrabackup_master_key_id
 
 
配置文件注释：
	(1) backup-my.cnf              —— 备份命令用到的配置选项信息；
	(2) ibdata1                    —— 备份的表空间文件；
	(3) xtrabackup_binary          —— 备份中用到的xtrabackup的可执行文件；
	(4) xtrabackup_binlog_info     —— mysql服务器当前正在使用的二进制日志文件及至备份这一刻为止二进制日志事件的位置；
	(5) xtrabackup_logfile         —— 备份的重做日志文件。
	(6) xtrabackup_checkpoints     —— 备份类型（如完全或增量）、备份状态（如是否已经为prepared状态）和LSN(日志序列号)范围信息；

6.xtrabackup_checkpoints 备份类型（如完全或增量）、备份状态（如是否已经为prepared状态）和LSN(日志序列号)范围信息：

 cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
   backup_type = full-prepared      #可以看出是全备份
   from_lsn = 0                     #记录了LSN，日志偏移量
   to_lsn = 1648181
   last_lsn = 1648181               # LSN号
   compact = 0
   recover_binlog_info = 0

7.backup-my.cnf 备份命令用到的配置选项信息：

 cat backup-my.cnf
# This MySQL options file was generated by innobackupex. 
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
innodb_checksum_algorithm=innodb
innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=innodb
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
innodb_log_file_size=50331648
innodb_fast_checksum=false
innodb_page_size=16384
innodb_log_block_size=512
innodb_undo_directory=.
innodb_undo_tablespaces=0
server_id=0
redo_log_version=0
server_uuid=6e843abf-3268-11e8-a639-000c2923f205
master_key_id=0

8.xtrabackup_binlog_info，mysql服务器当前正在使用的二进制日志文件及至备份这一刻为止二进制日志事件的位置：

# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
master-bin.000001	2481	6e843abf-3268-11e8-a639-000c2923f205:1-6

9.xtrabackup_info，记录备份的基本信息，uuid、备份命令、备份时间、binlog、LSN、以及其他加密压缩等信息：

 cat xtrabackup_info
uuid = a102096b-326b-11e8-a639-000c2923f205
name = 
tool