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ssh 基本用法
登录
ssh user@hostname
登录到指定端口
ssh user@hostname -p 22
第一次登录提示:
The authenticity of host 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])?
输入 yes
后回车,然后输入 user
的密码。(输密码时屏幕不显示)
该服务器的信息记录在本地主机的 ~/.ssh/known_hosts
文件中。
known_hosts
文件中内容:
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDIxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxRLzDIl2WgnlLfS3E9TW
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNmvMPZ66vQouwRA7jy5Xn3BnWPvwY3YXXNIxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxEtHm8072Eb254ni3WVCiqc=
如果提示以下内容:(演示的本地主机为windows,linux同理)
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the ED25519 key sent by the remote host is
SHA256:pncLJlof4xD9F04tRvylSpArOtOAIul9FHEzQdoDjz0.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in C:\\Users\\Qwer-laptop/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending ED25519 key in C:\\Users\\Qwer-laptop/.ssh/known_hosts:1
Host key for 43.142.52.251 has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.
把 ~/.ssh/known_hosts
中的该服务器域名的信息删去,或者删去 known_hosts
文件。
配置免密登录
配置别名
编辑 config
vim ~/.ssh/config
按 i 进入编辑模式,按需求输入以下内容:
Host myserver1
HostName IP地址或域名
User 用户名
Host myserver2
HostName IP地址或域名
User 用户名
按 ESC 退出编辑模式,输入 :wq
保存并退出。
之后再使用服务器时,可以直接使用别名 myserver1
、myserver2
。
登录即 ssh myserver1
创建密钥
ssh-keygen
,然后一直回车(如果已存在密钥,则输入 y 覆盖)
PS C:\Users\Qwer-laptop\.ssh> ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (C:\Users\Qwer-laptop/.ssh/id_rsa):
C:\Users\Qwer-laptop/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in C:\Users\Qwer-laptop/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in C:\Users\Qwer-laptop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx马赛克xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx qwer-laptop@Legion
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|xxxxxxxxx |
|o+o B +o.. |
|=.o= E .O |
|*xxxx马赛克xx |
|+o . S |
|xx 马赛克 |
|xxx xxxx |
|xxxx |
|xxxxx |
+----[SHA256]-----+
添加密钥
Linux 本地主机可以通过 ssh-copy-id myserver
一键添加公钥。
Windows 本地主机如下操作
将本地主机的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
中的内容复制到 myserver
中的~/.ssh/authorized_keys
文件里。
ubuntu root 登陆
先用正常用户登陆, 进入超级用户模式
sudo -i
设置 root 密码
passwd
修改 sshd 配置文件
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
修改为
PermitRootLogin yes