django-撘站实例

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-10 10:24:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-10 10:24:28 发布

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分类专栏： python

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本文介绍了使用Django搭建网站的详细步骤，从环境搭建开始，包括Python和PyCharm的安装，接着通过实例展示了如何创建网站并配置数据库，特别强调了settings.py中的INSTALLED_APPS配置，最后提到了视图的创建和文件结构。

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1.环境搭建
（1）.安装Python，pycharm,自己百度
（2）安装django

sudo pip3 isntall Django

2.实例1
进入你想建站的目录运行

django-admin startproject mysite
python manage.py runserver ip:port//网站开始运行
python manage.py startapp polls//创建一个网站的应用
//开始编写视图
//进入polls文件件，打开views.py
//views.py文件内容如下
from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the polls index.")
//现在在polls/urls.py加入路径（urls.py为自己新建的文件），文件内容如下：
from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]
//把polls的路径加入mysite，修改mysite/urls.py文件如下：
mysite/urls.py¶
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
//访问试试

结果如下图：
在这里插入图片描述

3.实例2
这部分将会连接到数据库
mysite/settings.py 保存你的网站的设置
INSTALLED_APPS 默认包括了以下 Django 的自带应用：

django.contrib.admin – 管理员站点，你很快就会使用它。
django.contrib.auth – 认证授权系统。
django.contrib.contenttypes – 内容类型框架。
django.contrib.sessions – 会话框架。
django.contrib.messages – 消息框架。
django.contrib.staticfiles – 管理静态文件的框架。

python manage.py migrate//启动  INSTALLED_APPS 包含的应用
//编辑polls/models.py文件，如下：
from django.db import models


class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')


class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
//在settings.py文件里面添加默认应用
 'polls.apps.PollsConfig',
 //运行
 python manage.py makemigrations 
 python manage.py migrate
  python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001
   python manage.py inspectdb > Event/models.py //数据库反向生成
 //现在创建管理员帐号
 python manage.py createsuperuser
 //在polls/admin.py¶文件里面添加model的管理
 from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Question

admin.site.register(Question)

在这里插入图片描述
4.实例3
创建更多的视图

//修改polls/views.py文件如下
def detail(request, question_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)

def results(request, question_id):
    response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
    return HttpResponse(response % question_id)

def vote(request, question_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)
//修改polls/urls.py文件如下
from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    # ex: /polls/
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    # ex: /polls/5/
    path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    # ex: /polls/5/results/
    path('<int:question_id>/results/', views.results, name='results'),
    # ex: /polls/5/vote/
    path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
]
//现在可以去管理界面添加数据
//....
//管理界面的更改polls/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Question,Choice


class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Choice
    extra = 3


class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = [
        ("Question",               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
        ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}),
    ]
    list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date')
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_filter = ['pub_date']
    search_fields = ['question_text']


admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
//现在数据已经录入继续编辑视图
//在polls/templates/polls/index.html的文件如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
{% if latest_question_list %}
    <ul>
    {% for question in latest_question_list %}
        <li><a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
{% else %}
    <p>No polls are available.</p>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>
//detail.html文件如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>detail</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>

{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}</strong></p>{% endif %}

<form action="{% url 'vote' question.id %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
    <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}">
    <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}</label><br>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="Vote">
</form>
</body>
</html>
//results.html文件如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>results</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>

<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
    <li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

<a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">Vote again?</a>
</body>
</html>
//views.py文件如下
from django.shortcuts import render,get_object_or_404

# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Question, Choice


def index(request):
    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}
    return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)


def detail(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})


def results(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})


def vote(request, question_id):
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        # Redisplay the question voting form.
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
            'question': question,
            'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
        })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('results', args=(question.id,)))