不同操作系统按照MySQL----保姆级教程

一、Linux 下 MySQL 的安装

1.Ubuntu22.04LTS 版本

1）更新软件包列表

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt upgrade

2）安装 Mysql 服务器和客户端

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

3）MySQL 安全配置向导

sudo mysql_secure_installation

4）登录 MySQL

mysql -uroot -p
#-p后面加上对应之前修改的密码

问题：查看随机密码

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2.CentOS7 下 MySQL 的安装

1）更换源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
ls
rm -rf *
touch CentOS-Base.repo
vim CentOS-Base.repo
#将下面段落中源文件内容写入CentOS-Base.repo中

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

2）清理缓存并重新生成缓存

sudo yum clean all
sudo yum makecache

3）更新软件包

sudo yum update
sudo yum upgrade

4）卸载 MariaDB

#查看是否有mariadb
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
#如果有，卸载    rpm -e --nodeps filename
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
#检查是否卸载干净
rpm -qa | grep mariadb

5）检查依赖是否存在

#若依赖不存在，需要进行安装
rpm -qa | grep libaio
rpm -qa | grep numactl
#若不存在需要安装
sudo yum install -y libaio numactl

6）下载安装 MySQL 包

#若没有wget命令，安装wget
sudo yum install wget
#下载MySQL包
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar
#将MySQL包移动到/usr/local目录下
mv mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar /usr/local
#切换目录到/usr/local
cd /usr/local
#拆分tar包
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar
#解压安装包
tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
#将复杂名字的文件夹重命名
mv mysql-8.0.30-el7-x86_64 mysql
#创建存储数据文件
mkdir mysql/data
#创建用户组
groupadd mysql
#创建用户、指定用户组
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#更改属组和属组
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
#更改权限
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql

7）初始化 MySQL

#进入MySQL的bin目录
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
#初始化
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

初始化完成之后会有一个随机密码，请先记好这个密码，后续会进行使用。

8）启动 MySQL

/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

9）设置软链接，并重启 MySQL

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock /var/mysql.sock
service mysql restart

10）登录并更改密码

#命令行登录MySQL
mysql -uroot -p
#password请输入之前那个随机密码

#更改密码
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
#或者
set password for root@localhost = '123456'；

二、Windows 下 MySQl 的安装

1.软件包下载

官网地址：https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

或者直接访问软件包下载链接：https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQLInstaller/mysql-installer-web-community-8.0.41.0.msi

2.软件包安装

双击安装 MySQL 软件包，中间设置好自己的安装路径、数据库密码、以及对应的 3306 端口。

3.登录成功