LayoutInflater我们应该都很熟悉了,我们在它的inflate中传入对应的布局id,就可以得到一个View,LayoutInflater是如何做到的呢?我们今天来探索看看。
目录
一、LayoutInflater的inflate方法
我们先贴出来一个布局文件以及LayoutInflater的调用过程
布局文件R.layout.test_layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<LinearLayout
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
LayoutInflater的调用如下(当然,是有重载方法的,我们以下面这个为例)
LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.test_layout,parent)
我们先进入inflate中查看
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
View view = tryInflatePrecompiled(resource, res, root, attachToRoot);
if (view != null) {
return view;
}
XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
try {
return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
} finally {
parser.close();
}
}
调用了重载方法inflate
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
....
try {
advanceToRootNode(parser);
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
.....
} else {
// Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
if (root != null) {
....
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
if (!attachToRoot) {
// Set the layout params for temp if we are not
// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
....
rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
....
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
....
}
} .....
return result;
}
}
我精简了一下代码
第9行:这里主要就是判断xml的节点是否为merge,我们的例子中没有merge节点,所以略过
第13行:这个方法就是根据节点,来创建View对象,这里是重点,我们进去看看
private View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
return createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs, false);
}
重载方法
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
....
try {
View view = tryCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
if (view == null) {
final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
view = onCreateView(context, parent, name, attrs);
} else {
view = createView(context, name, null, attrs);
}
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}
return view;
}
....
}
第6行:tryCreateView方法返回的View不是空,这里我们先不解释为什么,我们假设它是空。是不是空,其中的代码相似,所以我们先假设是空。
第12~16行:这里的if-else主要就是判断节点是否包含“.”,什么样的节点有点呢?一些三方库的控件,而原生的控件比如TextView,Button这些都是没有“.”的。(AndroidX的控件不是原生的)
我们的例子中,这里的name是androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout,是包含“.”的,所以执行createView方法,我们看一下源码:
public final View createView(@NonNull Context viewContext, @NonNull String name,
@Nullable String prefix, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs)
throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
.....
try {
if (constructor == null) {
// Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
clazz = Class.forName(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name, false,
mContext.getClassLoader()).asSubclass(View.class);
if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
if (!allowed) {
failNotAllowed(name, prefix, viewContext, attrs);
}
}
constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
} else {
.....
}
Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = viewContext;
Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
args[1] = attrs;
try {
final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
// Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
}
return view;
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}.....
}
方法的内容虽然不少,但是总的来说很好理解:name此时是全路径的类名,我们根据全路径类名,通过反射拿到View对象,然后返回。这个生成的View对象最终会返回到inflate方法中createViewFromTag调用的地方,我再贴一遍上面的inflate方法
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
....
try {
advanceToRootNode(parser);
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
.....
} else {
// Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
if (root != null) {
....
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
if (!attachToRoot) {
// Set the layout params for temp if we are not
// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
....
rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
....
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
....
}
} .....
return result;
}
}
上面的View对象,在inflate方法中就是temp对象
第17~25行:这里和本次的流程关系不大,但是可以简单说一下。LayoutInflater的inflate方法中,第三个参数就是attachToRoot。而我们的例子中调用的是两个参数的重载方法,默认attachToRoot是true。如果我们使用三参数的inflate方法,并且attachToRoot为false,就会执行到这里了。当attachToRoot为false,那么我们刚刚创建对象的LayoutParams使用的就是我们所传入的root的LayoutParams
第28行:这里会从temp中获取子View进行渲染,我们进入
final void rInflateChildren(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);
}
进入rInflate方法
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
final int depth = parser.getDepth();
int type;
boolean pendingRequestFocus = false;
while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
continue;
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
pendingRequestFocus = true;
consumeChildElements(parser);
} else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
}
parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
} else {
final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
viewGroup.addView(view, params);
}
}
....
}
第8行:这里while循环的意义就是循环获取我们例子中ConstraintLayout的子View,此时的子View是在xml中表现出来的,还没真正渲染出来
第17~29行:这些if和else if就是当标签为一些特殊情况的处理,比如include,merge等,而我们的例子中,真正执行的是else
第30~34行:这里有熟悉的代码,比如createViewFromTag,rInflateChildren。这些都是刚刚说过的流程,不过有个地方需要要注意一下,我们重新看一下createViewFromTag方法
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
....
try {
View view = tryCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
if (view == null) {
final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
view = onCreateView(context, parent, name, attrs);
} else {
view = createView(context, name, null, attrs);
}
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}
return view;
}
....
}
第12~16行:上面我们执行到这里的时候,标签为androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout,包含“.”;而此时标签为TextView,并没有“.”,所以执行的应该是createView。但是要注意的是这里的createView并不是LayoutInflater,LayoutInflater实际上是一个抽象类,而我们通过LayoutInflater.from获取的对象其实是PhoneLayoutInflater,PhoneLayoutInflater重写了createView,我们看一下这个方法
@Override protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs) throws ClassNotFoundException {
for (String prefix : sClassPrefixList) {
try {
View view = createView(name, prefix, attrs);
if (view != null) {
return view;
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// In this case we want to let the base class take a crack
// at it.
}
}
return super.onCreateView(name, attrs);
}
sClassPrefixList是一个前缀的列表
private static final String[] sClassPrefixList = {
"android.widget.",
"android.webkit.",
"android.app."
};
for循环这个列表,拿到前缀和我们例子中的TextView,传到LayoutInflater中createView方法里。上面我们说过,createView方法就是根据全类名反射获取View对象。我们的例子是TextView,所以全类名为android.widget.TextView(全类名不对的话,反射获得的View对象肯定为空);如果这些全类型都不对怎么办?比如SurfaceView,它的全类型是android.view.SurfaceView。这时候会执行super.onCreateView,也就是LayoutInflater的onCreateView方法:
protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs)
throws ClassNotFoundException {
return createView(name, "android.view.", attrs);
}
LayoutInflater中添加了android.view的前缀
到这里,LayoutInflater的渲染过程结束了。不了解LayoutInflater的inflate方法的时候,觉得很神秘。看了源码才发现,真的挺简单的,就是解析标签,拿到View或者ViewGroup;解析下一层级的xml标签,然后通过addView添加到父布局中,就是这么简单而已。
二、inflate方法中各个参数的含义
inflate方法有两参数的重载方法,但是最终调用的还是三参数方法
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
这三个参数的含义如下:
resource:这个就是我们自己layout的id,没什么好说的
root和attachToRoot:
我们先看inflate方法中的代码:
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
result = temp;
}
result是inflate方法返回的对象
如果root不等空并且attachToRoot为true,则将渲染后得到的View添加到root中,返回的result就是root;
如果root为空或者attachToRoot为false,则将渲染后得到的View赋值给result返回