SpringBoot(二) springboot整合jdbc和jpa

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#springboot #jpa #jdbc

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本文详细介绍了如何在SpringBoot项目中整合JdbcTemplate和JPA。首先，通过目录结构展示了整合JdbcTemplate的步骤，包括配置启动类、创建UserService和UserController、设置application.properties以及定义请求地址。接着，解释了JPA的概念，作为Java对象持久化的API。对比整合JDBC，文章指出整合JPA的主要差异在于数据库连接类的选择和pom.xml配置。并按照类似步骤展示了整合JPA的过程，包括引入依赖、编写JpaApp、UserDAO和User类，以及配置属性文件和定义请求路径。

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一、springboot整合JdbcTemplate

1、目录结构

2、建立一个maven工程，在pom.xml中加入starter.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.arolusway</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringBoot-database</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <parent>
  	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  	<version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>
  <dependencies>
      <!-- springboot集成jdbc -->
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
  	</dependency>
    <!-- springboot集成web项目 -->
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  	</dependency>
    <!-- 数据库连接 -->
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>mysql</groupId>
  		<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  		<version>5.1.21</version>
  	</dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

2、启动类，程序入口：DatabaseApp.java

package com.aeolusway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DatabaseApp {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DatabaseApp.class, args);
	}
	
}

3、UserController.java

package com.aeolusway.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.aeolusway.services.UserService;

@RestController
public class UserController {

	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	@RequestMapping("/addUser")
	public String addUser(String username,Integer age){
		userService.addUser(username, age);
		return "姓名："+username+"年龄："+age;
	}
}

4、UserService.java

package com.aeolusway.services;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


@Service
public class UserService {

	@Autowired
	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
	
	public void addUser(String username,Integer age){
		System.out.println("插入一条数据");
		
		jdbcTemplate.update("insert into newuser values(null,?,?)",username,age);
	}
}

5、application.properties

# 数据库连接属性
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# 还可以配置tomcat的端口、地址等属性

5、请求地址

http://127.0.0.1:8080/addUser?username=cat&age=20

二、springboot整合jpa

什么是jpa？

Java Persistence API：用于对象持久化的 API，与jdbc一样，jpa统一了java应用程序访问ORM框架的规范，hibernate是jpa的实现。

与整合jdbc区别不大，只是在连接数据库的类选择上有所不同，因此在pom文件引入上也有区别，比较：

jdbc:
pom.xml ——>spring-boot-starter-jdbc
连接数据库注入的是——>JdbcTemplate

jpa:
pom.xml ——>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
连接数据库注入的是——>继承了jpaRepository接口的接口UserDAO

1、目录结构

2、pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.aeolusway</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringBoot-jpa</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <parent>
  	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  	<version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>
  
  <dependencies>
  
  <dependency>
  	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  
  <dependency>
  	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
  </dependency>
  
  <dependency>
  	<groupId>mysql</groupId>
  	<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  	<version>5.1.21</version>
  </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

3、JpaApp.java

package com.aeolusway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;



@SpringBootApplication
public class JpaApp {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(JpaApp.class, args);
	}
}

4、UserController.java

package com.aeolusway.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.aeolusway.Dao.UserDAO;
import com.aeolusway.model.User;

@RestController
public class UserController {

	@Autowired
	private UserDAO userDAO;
	
	@RequestMapping("/findUser")
	public String findUser(){
		
		List<User> list = userDAO.findAll();
		
		return list.toString();
	}
}

5、UserDAO.java

package com.aeolusway.Dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.aeolusway.model.User;

public interface UserDAO extends JpaRepository<User, String>{

}

6、User.java

package com.aeolusway.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;


@Entity(name="newuser")
public class User {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	private Integer id;

	private String username;
	private Integer age;
	
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [username=" + username + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
	
	
}

7、application.properties

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

8、请求地址