如何对阿里云ecs服务器数据盘进行缩容

如何对阿里云ecs服务器数据盘进行缩容

ecs不支持直接缩容，需要另购一块数据盘，挂载后把数据拷贝过去

1.临时挂载新的数据盘，购买一块合适大小的数据盘，直接通过阿里云控制台挂载到ECS服务器

2.备份文件

cp -r 原文件夹 目标文件夹

3.删除原数据盘上的swap虚拟内存

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# swapon -s ##查看当前的swap分区信息
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/app/swap                               file    10239996        0       -2
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# swapoff -a  ## 禁用所有的swap分区

sudo swapoff -v /path/to/swap/file_or_partition  ## 禁用指定的swap分区

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# swapon -s

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 11 02:52:01 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1114fe9e-2309-4580-b183-d778e6d97397 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=418f18ac-af41-4b3e-ac57-dab81da77014 /app                    ext4    defaults        0 0
# /app/swap      swap         swap    defaults        0 0 
## 从/etc/fstab文件中移除swap分区的条目

sudo rm /path/to/swap/file
## 删除swap文件

4.卸载原数据盘

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.8G  752K  3.8G   1% /run
tmpfs           3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G   34G  4.0G  90% /
/dev/vdb        493G   22G  446G   5% /app
tmpfs           768M     0  768M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdc1        40G   24G   14G  64% /app2
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# umount /dev/vdb
umount: /app: target is busy.
        (In some cases useful info about processes that use
         the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
## 卸载时遇到用户还在使用该分区，可使用lsof或fuser命令来查找正在使用该挂载点的进程
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# lsof /app
COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF     NODE NAME
bash    1601 root  cwd    DIR 253,16     4096 20709377 /app/sqlbak

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app2]# fuser -muv /app
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/app:                root     kernel mount (root)/app
                     root       1601 ..c.. (root)bash

## 如果杀不掉，就重启系统，再执行umount

5.重启系统后，查看新数据盘分区的UUID信息，写入/etc/fstab中
注意：因为新数据盘要使用原数据盘的路径，所以拷贝完数据，还得先卸载新盘，再重新挂载

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="1114fe9e-2309-4580-b183-d778e6d97397" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/vdb: UUID="418f18ac-af41-4b3e-ac57-dab81da77014" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/vdc1: UUID="94ce117a-922a-4e69-97c3-ad8f2e77405e" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="Linux" PARTUUID="e4789975-40b3-4052-9942-b8f82149427d"

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 11 02:52:01 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1114fe9e-2309-4580-b183-d778e6d97397 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
#UUID=418f18ac-af41-4b3e-ac57-dab81da77014 /app                    ext4    defaults        0 0
## 写入新的UUID
UUID=94ce117a-922a-4e69-97c3-ad8f2e77405e /app                    ext4    defaults        0 0
# /app/swap      swap         swap    defaults        0 0
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# 

6.恢复swap虚拟内存

## 使用dd命令创建一个指定大小的文件。
dd if=/dev/zero of=/app/swap bs=1G count=8

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/app/swap bs=1G count=8
8+0 records in
8+0 records out
8589934592 bytes (8.6 GB) copied, 64.0275 s, 134 MB/s
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.8G  620K  3.8G   1% /run
tmpfs           3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G   34G  3.9G  90% /
/dev/vdc1        40G   32G  5.6G  86% /app
tmpfs           768M     0  768M   0% /run/user/0
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# cd /app
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ls
fastdfs  lost+found  oracle  oradata  soft  sqlbak  swap
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ll
total 8388648
drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root           4096 Nov  4 15:04 fastdfs
drwx------ 2 root   root          16384 Nov  4 15:00 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall       4096 Nov  4 15:17 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Nov  4 15:19 oradata
drwxr-xr-x 6 root   root           4096 Nov  4 15:36 soft
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle dba            4096 Nov  4 15:37 sqlbak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     8589934592 Nov  4 16:33 swap
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ll -h
total 8.1G
drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root     4.0K Nov  4 15:04 fastdfs
drwx------ 2 root   root      16K Nov  4 15:00 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall 4.0K Nov  4 15:17 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Nov  4 15:19 oradata
drwxr-xr-x 6 root   root     4.0K Nov  4 15:36 soft
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle dba      4.0K Nov  4 15:37 sqlbak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     8.0G Nov  4 16:33 swap


## 将swap文件的权限设置为600
chmod 600 /app/swap

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# chmod 600 /app/swap
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ll -h
total 8.1G
drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root     4.0K Nov  4 15:04 fastdfs
drwx------ 2 root   root      16K Nov  4 15:00 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall 4.0K Nov  4 15:17 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Nov  4 15:19 oradata
drwxr-xr-x 6 root   root     4.0K Nov  4 15:36 soft
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle dba      4.0K Nov  4 15:37 sqlbak
-rw------- 1 root   root     8.0G Nov  4 16:33 swap

## 格式化为swap文件
mkswap /app/swap

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# mkswap /app/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8388604 KiB
no label, UUID=83b6bfc9-21f0-4726-88f7-b664003ebc4c

## 启用swap文件
swapon /app/swap

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        7862320      402968     1189556         620     6269796     7150392
Swap:             0           0           0
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# swapon /app/swap
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        7862320      409260     1183052         620     6270008     7144100
Swap:       8388604           0     8388604

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# swapon --show
NAME      TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
/app/swap file   8G   0B   -2


## 写入/etc/fstab，永久挂载swap文件

[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ /]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 11 02:52:01 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1114fe9e-2309-4580-b183-d778e6d97397 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
#UUID=418f18ac-af41-4b3e-ac57-dab81da77014 /app                    ext4    defaults        0 0
UUID=94ce117a-922a-4e69-97c3-ad8f2e77405e /app                    ext4    defaults        0 0
 /app/swap      swap         swap    defaults        0 0

7.通过命令挂载磁盘，或者重启系统通过/etc/fstab自动挂载磁盘

mount /dev/vdb /mnt/data

8.遇到的问题

因为拷贝文件时用的root用户，oradata文件属组变了，导致下列问题，可通过chown -R命令恢复

[oracle@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Nov 4 16:41:20 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3156725760 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217504 bytes
Variable Size            2382367200 bytes
Database Buffers          754974720 bytes
Redo Buffers               17166336 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/app/oradata/jlrcwebdata.dbf'


SQL> quit


[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ll
total 8388648
drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root           4096 Nov  4 15:04 fastdfs
drwx------ 2 root   root          16384 Nov  4 15:00 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall       4096 Nov  4 15:17 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Nov  4 15:19 oradata
drwxr-xr-x 6 root   root           4096 Nov  4 15:36 soft
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle dba            4096 Nov  4 15:37 sqlbak
-rw------- 1 root   root     8589934592 Nov  4 16:37 swap
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# pwd
/app
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ls
fastdfs  lost+found  oracle  oradata  soft  sqlbak  swap
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# chown -R oracle oinstall oracle
chown: cannot access ‘oinstall’: No such file or directory
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# chown -R oracle:oinstall oracle
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# chown -R oracle:oinstall oradata
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ls
fastdfs  lost+found  oracle  oradata  soft  sqlbak  swap
[root@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ app]# ll
total 8388648
drwxr-xr-x 4 root   root           4096 Nov  4 15:04 fastdfs
drwx------ 2 root   root          16384 Nov  4 15:00 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 5 oracle oinstall       4096 Nov  4 15:17 oracle
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Nov  4 15:19 oradata
drwxr-xr-x 6 root   root           4096 Nov  4 15:36 soft
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle dba            4096 Nov  4 15:37 sqlbak
-rw------- 1 root   root     8589934592 Nov  4 16:37 swap

[oracle@iZ8vbgkra5t3d356no16srZ ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Nov 4 16:51:08 2024

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3156725760 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217504 bytes
Variable Size            2382367200 bytes
Database Buffers          754974720 bytes
Redo Buffers               17166336 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.