什么时候需要考虑运行时权限
运行时权限是Android6.0推出的安全机制,当你的app运行在 Android 6.0 及以上设备上,使用危险权限(下面介绍)的时候。
既targetSdkVersion >= 23(关于targetSdkVersion可以看看http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_27280457/article/details/53541033)
如果你的app应用到运行时权限且targetSdkVersion >= 23在6.0以上手机上面就会闪退
Android 6.0系统默认为targetSdkVersion小于23的应用默认授予了所申请的所有权限,所以如果您APP设置的targetSdkVersion低于23,
在运行时也不会崩溃。(运行在6.0手机上面还是可以在设置里面禁止权限,然后相关功能不能使用;运行在6.0以下手机只有把程序卸掉才能禁止
相关权限)
正常权限和危险权限、权限组
正常权限涵盖应用需要访问其沙盒外部数据或资源,但对用户隐私或其他应用操作风险很小的区域。
危险权限涵盖应用需要涉及用户隐私信息的数据或资源,或者可能对用户存储的数据或其他应用的操作产生影响的区域。
所有危险的 Android 系统权限都属于权限组(系统只告诉用户应用需要的权限组,而不告知具体权限。)
1.正常权限:
ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_ALARM
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
2.危险权限和权限组
权限的申请(代码注释很详细,直接上代码了)
package com.example.mypermissionsdemo;
import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by sdh on 2017/6/23.
*/
public class PermissionUtils{
private static final String TAG = PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0;
public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1;
public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2;
public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3;
public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4;
public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5;
public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6;
public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7;
public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8;
public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;
public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE = Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;
public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
/**
* 权限
*/
private static final String[] requestPermissions = {
//麦克风权限
PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,
//通讯录权限
PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
//电话权限
PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE,
PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,
//相机权限
PERMISSION_CAMERA,
//位置权限
PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
//存储权限
PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
};
/**
* 权限申请接口的回调方法 每次都会回调这个方法
* @param requestCode 请求码
* @param permissions 权限
* @param grantResults 结果
*/
/**
* 权限申请的回调
*/
interface PermissionGrant {
void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);
}
/**
* 申请单个权限的方法
* @param activity 传入的activity
* @param requestCode 请求码 比如申请 CAMERA权限,你可以传入 PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA
*/
public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
if (activity == null) {
return;
}
if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
return;
}
final String requestPermission = requestPermissions[requestCode];
//如果是6.0以下的手机,ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()会始终等于PERMISSION_GRANTED,
// 但是,如果用户关闭了你申请的权限,ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(),会导致程序崩溃(java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null),
// 你可以使用try{}catch(){},处理异常,也可以判断系统版本,低于23就不申请权限,直接做你想做的。permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
// if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {
// permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
// return;
// }
int checkSelfPermission;
try {
checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
return;
}
if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
//如果拒绝过一次
shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode);
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
}
}
/**
* 多次请求结果的处理
* @param activity 传入的activity
* @param permissions 权限
* @param grantResults 结果
* @param permissionGrant 监听
*/
private static void requestMultiResult(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
if (activity == null) {
return;
}
Map<String, Integer> perms = new HashMap<>();
ArrayList<String> notGranted = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]);
if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
notGranted.add(permissions[i]);
}
}
//所有的权限都通过了
if (notGranted.size() == 0) {
Toast.makeText(activity, "权限开通成功" + notGranted, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
} else {//打开设置页面
openSettingActivity(activity, "需要打开权限才能正常使用");
}
}
/**
* 一次申请多个权限
*/
public static void requestMultiPermissions(final Activity activity, PermissionGrant grant) {
//获取还没有获取的权限
final List<String> permissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, false);
//获取应该获取的权限
final List<String> shouldRationalePermissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, true);
if (permissionsList == null || shouldRationalePermissionsList == null) {
return;
}
//打开权限申请 传入权限数组和请求码
if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),
CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
} else if (shouldRationalePermissionsList.size() > 0) {
showMessageOKCancel(activity, "打开设置,进行授权",
new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, shouldRationalePermissionsList.toArray(new String[shouldRationalePermissionsList.size()]),
CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
}
});
} else {
grant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
}
}
private static void shouldShowRationale(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, final String requestPermission) {
//TODO 拒绝一次后的弹框 这个可以定制
String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
showMessageOKCancel(activity, "Rationale: " + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
new String[]{requestPermission},
requestCode);
}
});
}
/**
* 弹出框 可以自己定制 权限授权不可以定制样式
* @param context 传入的activity
* @param message 提示语
* @param okListener 确定的点击监听事件
*/
private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
.setMessage(message)
.setPositiveButton("确定", okListener)
.setNegativeButton("取消", null)//TODO 如果app一定需要权限 这里可以关闭app
.create()
.show();
}
/**
* @param activity 传入的activity
* @param requestCode 请求返回结果处理
* @param permissions 权限
* @param grantResults 结果
*/
public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
if (activity == null) {
return;
}
if (requestCode == CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION) {
requestMultiResult(activity, permissions, grantResults, permissionGrant);
return;
}
if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
} else {
String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
openSettingActivity(activity, "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);
}
}
/**
* 打开app的设置
* @param activity 传入的activity
* @param message 携带的message
*/
private static void openSettingActivity(final Activity activity, String message) {
showMessageOKCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
intent.setData(uri);
activity.startActivity(intent);
}
});
}
/**
* @param activity 传入context
* @param isShouldRationale fale:获取没有获取(也没有被拒绝过) true:拒绝的权限
* 检测是否有这个权限和是否应该去申请这个权限
* @return
*/
public static ArrayList<String> getNoGrantedPermission(Activity activity, boolean isShouldRationale) {
ArrayList<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < requestPermissions.length; i++) {
String requestPermission = requestPermissions[i];
//TODO checkSelfPermission
int checkSelfPermission = -1;
try {
//检查应用是否拥有该权限,被授权返回值为PERMISSION_GRANTED,否则返回PERMISSION_DENIED
checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
return null;
}
//如果没有获取权限
if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//如果应用之前请求过此权限但用户拒绝了请求,此方法将返回 true。
//注:如果用户在过去拒绝了权限请求,并在权限请求系统对话框中选择了 Don’t ask again 选项,此方法将返回 false。
//如果设备规范禁止应用具有该权限,此方法也会返回 false。
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
if (isShouldRationale) {
permissions.add(requestPermission);
}
} else {
if (!isShouldRationale) {
permissions.add(requestPermission);
}
}
}
}
return permissions;
}
}
package com.example.mypermissionsdemo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initData();
}
/**
* 一般此处的逻辑代码放在app的启动页面,市面的大多app也是这种做法
* app启动的时候先让用户给app授权 部分授权的话跳到设置页面继续授权,授权成功
* 正常启动页面,授权失败的话关闭app
*/
private void initData() {
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,mPermissionGrant);
}
/**
* 每次权限申请都会回调这个方法
* @param requestCode 请求码
* @param permissions 权限
* @param grantResults 请求结果
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant);
}
//权限被拒绝后的回调
private PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant = new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() {
@Override
public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) {
switch (requestCode) {
case PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_RECORD_AUDIO", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CALL_PHONE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CAMERA", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case PermissionUtils.CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "所有的权限都被授权了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
}
DEMO:http://download.youkuaiyun.com/download/qq_27280457/9878685