JavaAP操作HBase

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本文详细介绍如何使用Java API进行HBase数据库的操作，包括项目搭建、连接配置、表的创建与删除、数据的增删查改等核心功能实现。

1. 在IDEA建立一个Java+Maven项目，POM文档如下


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
        <groupId>com.github.xlongshu.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>java-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.1</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.spark.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase_learning</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>hbase_learning</name>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.7</java.version>
        <skipTests>true</skipTests>

        <log.level>DEBUG</log.level>
        <log.path>/data/logs</log.path>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
    	<dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Logger Impl -->
        <!-- <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        </dependency> -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2 . 创建HBaseConn类

package com.spark.hbase.hbase_learning;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;

import java.io.IOException;

public class HBaseConn {

private static final HBaseConn INSTANCE = new HBaseConn();

private static Configuration configuration;

private static Connection connection;

private HBaseConn(){

    try {

        if(configuration == null){

            configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();

            configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum","localhost:2181");

        }


    } catch (Exception e){

        e.printStackTrace();

    }
}


private Connection getConnection(){

    if(configuration == null || connection.isClosed()){

        try{

            connection=ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

  return connection;
}

public static Connection getHBaseConn(){

    return INSTANCE.getConnection();

}

public static Table getTable(String tableName) throws IOException {

    return INSTANCE.getConnection().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));

}

public static void closeConn(){

    if(connection!=null){

        try {
            connection.close();
        } catch (IOException ioe){

            ioe.printStackTrace();
        }
        }
        }
    }

Java API 操作 HBase

package com.imooc.bigdata.hbase.api;

 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.FilterList;
 import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
 import org.omg.CORBA.PUBLIC_MEMBER;
 
 public class HBaseUtil {
 
   /**
    * 创建HBase表.
    *
    * @param tableName 表名
    * @param cfs 列族的数组
    * @return 是否创建成功
    */
   public static boolean createTable(String tableName, String[] cfs) {
     try (HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin) HBaseConn.getHBaseConn().getAdmin()) {
       if (admin.tableExists(tableName)) {
         return false;
       }
       HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
       Arrays.stream(cfs).forEach(cf -> {
         HColumnDescriptor columnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor(cf);
         columnDescriptor.setMaxVersions(1);
         tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnDescriptor);
       });
       admin.createTable(tableDescriptor);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
     return true;
   }
 
 
   /**
    * 删除hbase表.
    *
    * @param tableName 表名
    * @return 是否删除成功
    */
   public static boolean deleteTable(String tableName) {
     try (HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin) HBaseConn.getHBaseConn().getAdmin()) {
       admin.disableTable(tableName);
       admin.deleteTable(tableName);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
     return true;
   }
 
   /**
    * hbase插入一条数据.
    *
    * @param tableName 表名
    * @param rowKey 唯一标识
    * @param cfName 列族名
    * @param qualifier 列标识
    * @param data 数据
    * @return 是否插入成功
    */
   public static boolean putRow(String tableName, String rowKey, String cfName, String qualifier,
       String data) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
       put.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(cfName), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier), Bytes.toBytes(data));
       table.put(put);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return true;
   }
 
   public static boolean putRows(String tableName, List<Put> puts) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       table.put(puts);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return true;
   }
 
   /**
    * 获取单条数据.
    *
    * @param tableName 表名
    * @param rowKey 唯一标识
    * @return 查询结果
    */
   public static Result getRow(String tableName, String rowKey) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
       return table.get(get);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   public static Result getRow(String tableName, String rowKey, FilterList filterList) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
       get.setFilter(filterList);
       return table.get(get);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   public static ResultScanner getScanner(String tableName) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Scan scan = new Scan();
       scan.setCaching(1000);
       return table.getScanner(scan);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   /**
    * 批量检索数据.
    *
    * @param tableName 表名
    * @param startRowKey 起始RowKey
    * @param endRowKey 终止RowKey
    * @return ResultScanner实例
    */
   public static ResultScanner getScanner(String tableName, String startRowKey, String endRowKey) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Scan scan = new Scan();
       scan.setStartRow(Bytes.toBytes(startRowKey));
       scan.setStopRow(Bytes.toBytes(endRowKey));
       scan.setCaching(1000);
       return table.getScanner(scan);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   public static ResultScanner getScanner(String tableName, String startRowKey, String endRowKey,
       FilterList filterList) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Scan scan = new Scan();
       scan.setStartRow(Bytes.toBytes(startRowKey));
       scan.setStopRow(Bytes.toBytes(endRowKey));
       scan.setFilter(filterList);
       scan.setCaching(1000);
       return table.getScanner(scan);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return null;
   }
 
   /**
    * HBase删除一行记录.
    *
    * @param tableName 表名
    * @param rowKey 唯一标识
    * @return 是否删除成功
    */
   public static boolean deleteRow(String tableName, String rowKey) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
       table.delete(delete);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return true;
   }
 
   public static boolean deleteColumnFamily(String tableName, String cfName) {
     try (HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin) HBaseConn.getHBaseConn().getAdmin()) {
       admin.deleteColumn(tableName, cfName);
     } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
     return true;
   }
 
   public static boolean deleteQualifier(String tableName, String rowKey, String cfName,
       String qualifier) {
     try (Table table = HBaseConn.getTable(tableName)) {
       Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
       delete.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(cfName), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
       table.delete(delete);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
       ioe.printStackTrace();
     }
     return true;
   }
 }