Python3 使用pip3报错 ImportError: cannot import name 'HTTPSHandler' 解决

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最新推荐文章于 2025-07-02 23:28:19 发布

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本文详细记录了解决Python3环境下pip3 SSL导入错误的过程，包括检查系统SSL状态、对比Python2与Python3的SSL支持情况，以及通过重新编译安装Python3并配置Xcode来修复问题。

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问题的起因：

我本来想装一个pygame模块，但是使用pip系统默认装到了python2下面，所以我想用pip3装到python3吧版本上

然后使用pip3就出现了ImportError: cannot import name 'HTTPSHandler'错误，其原因就是安装的python3版本不能使用ssl,

但是我的系统是有ssl的，搞了两天最终解决.

问题示例：

xubin@xubindeMBP:~$ pip3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/bin/pip3.6", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('pip==8.0.2', 'console_scripts', 'pip3.6')()
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools-19.6-py3.6.egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 550, in load_entry_point
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools-19.6-py3.6.egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2710, in load_entry_point
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools-19.6-py3.6.egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2370, in load
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools-19.6-py3.6.egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2376, in resolve
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-8.0.2-py3.6.egg/pip/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
    from pip.vcs import git, mercurial, subversion, bazaar  # noqa
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-8.0.2-py3.6.egg/pip/vcs/subversion.py", line 9, in <module>
    from pip.index import Link
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-8.0.2-py3.6.egg/pip/index.py", line 29, in <module>
    from pip.wheel import Wheel, wheel_ext
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-8.0.2-py3.6.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 39, in <module>
    from pip._vendor.distlib.scripts import ScriptMaker
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-8.0.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 14, in <module>
    from .compat import sysconfig, detect_encoding, ZipFile
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip-8.0.2-py3.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/compat.py", line 66, in <module>
    from urllib.request import (urlopen, urlretrieve, Request, url2pathname,
ImportError: cannot import name 'HTTPSHandler'

问题查验是不是因为ssl无法加载导致的。

1：先查看系统是否有ssl 在终端输入命令openssl

xubin@xubindeMBP:~$ openssl
OpenSSL>
OpenSSL>
OpenSSL>
OpenSSL>
OpenSSL> exit
xubin@xubindeMBP:~$

可以看到是可以用的。

2：进入python2,查看是否可以使用ssl,终端输入python默认进入python2的版本

xubin@xubindeMBP:~$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Aug 17 2018, 17:41:52)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 10.0.0 (clang-1000.0.42)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>>
>>> exit;
Use exit() or Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit
>>> exit();
xubin@xubindeMBP:~$

可以看到导入import ssl 没有报错

3：进入python3,查看是否可以使用ssl,终端输入python3默认进入python3.6的版本

xubin@xubindeMBP:~$ python3
Python 3.6.0 (default, Jun 19 2018, 13:24:21)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.1.0 (clang-902.0.39.2)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/etc/python/python3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 101, in <module>
    import _ssl             # if we can't import it, let the error propagate
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ssl'
>>>
>>> exit();
xubin@xubindeMBP:~$

很明显报错了没有_ssl模块，这就说明我们安装的python3没有编译好导致不能使用pip3安装模块

解决办法：

尝试了非常多的方法都没法解决，最后重新编译安装python3，后面的参数代表我们需要使用openssl

brew reinstall python3 --with-brewed-openssl

执行命令brew reinstall python3 --with-brewed-openssl

xubin@xubindeMBP:/usr/local/python3$ brew reinstall python3 --with-brewed-openssl
==> Reinstalling python
==> Installing dependencies for python: pkg-config, sphinx-doc, gdbm, openssl, readline and sqlite
==> Installing python dependency: pkg-config
xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun
Error: Failure while executing; `git config --local --replace-all homebrew.private true` exited with 1.
xubin@xubindeMBP:/usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.1$ brew reinstall /usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.1 --with-brewed-openssl
Error: No available formula with the name "/usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.1"
xubin@xubindeMBP:/usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.1$ brew reinstall python3 --with-brewed-openssl
==> Reinstalling python
==> Installing dependencies for python: pkg-config, sphinx-doc, gdbm, openssl, readline and sqlite
==> Installing python dependency: pkg-config
xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun
Error: Failure while executing; `git config --local --replace-all homebrew.private true` exited with 1.

报错了，提取关键信息（xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun）

翻译：xcrun:错误:无效的活动开发者路径(/Library/ developer /CommandLineTools)，缺少xcrun在:/Library/ developer /CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun

这又是什么鬼，通过查阅资料找到：

1：先更新系统的Xcode

2:执行以下命令

$ xcode-select --install

安装之后我们再次执行编译命令，发现就可以安装了

xubin@xubindeMBP:/usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.1$ brew reinstall python3 --with-brewed-openssl
==> Reinstalling python
==> Installing dependencies for python: gdbm, openssl, readline and sqlite
==> Installing python dependency: gdbm
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gdbm-1.18.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring gdbm-1.18.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
?  /usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.18: 20 files, 588.7KB
==> Installing python dependency: openssl
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2p.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2p.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots
keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in
the System keychain), place .pem files in
  /usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
and run
  /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
openssl is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.
If you need to have openssl first in your PATH run:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
For compilers to find openssl you may need to set:
  export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
  export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"
==> Summary
?  /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2p: 1,793 files, 12MB
==> Installing python dependency: readline
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/readline-7.0.5.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%

模块都安装好了最后安装python3.7的时候报错了

==> Installing python
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/python-3.7.0.mojave.bottle.6.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring python-3.7.0.mojave.bottle.6.tar.gz
Error: An unexpected error occurred during the `brew link` step
The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local
Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks
Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

翻译：错误:在“brew link”步骤中发生了意外错误
构建的公式，但没有符号连接到/usr/local
拒绝@ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/ framework的权限
错误:拒绝@ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks权限

解决问题：

1：尝试创建Frameworks文件夹

sudo mkdir /usr/local/Frameworks

2：更改目录权限

sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local/Frameworks

成功后再次重新安装python3

xubin@xubindeMBP:/usr/local/python3$ brew reinstall python3 --with-brewed-openssl
==> Reinstalling python
Warning: python: this formula has no --with-brewed-openssl option so it will be ignored!
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/python-3.7.0.mojave.bottle.6.tar.gz
Already downloaded: /Users/xubin/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/58056bc7bf880926324af3cc7e406c39b31b2876b74c6bb150de7b9318273b2f--python-3.7.0.mojave.bottle.6.tar.gz
==> Pouring python-3.7.0.mojave.bottle.6.tar.gz
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/bin --install-lib=/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages --single
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/bin --install-lib=/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages --single
==> /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/bin/python3 -s setup.py --no-user-cfg install --force --verbose --install-scripts=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0/bin --install-lib=/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages --single
==> Caveats
Python has been installed as
  /usr/local/bin/python3
 
Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
`python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
  /usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin
 
If you need Homebrew's Python 2.7 run
  brew install python@2
Pip, setuptools, and wheel have been installed. To update them run
  pip3 install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
You can install Python packages with
  pip3 install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
  /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages
See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
==> Summary
?  /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.0: 4,781 files, 102MB

查看一下python

xubin@xubindeMBP:~$ python
python             python2.7          python3            python3.6          python3.6m         python3.7          python3.7m         pythonw
python-config      python2.7-config   python3-config     python3.6-config   python3.6m-config  python3.7-config   python3.7m-config  pythonw2.7

发现系统有好多python，没有用的删掉就行了

验证刚刚安装的python3.7是否可用ssl

xubin@xubindeMBP:~$ python3.7
Python 3.7.0 (default, Oct  2 2018, 09:18:58)
[Clang 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.2)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>> exit();

好的没有问题

最后看一下pip3是否可用