Android学习笔记（十一）基本控件的使用

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-11 21:24:53 发布

黎辰

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-11 21:24:53 发布

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文章标签： android 控件视图

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_24451605/article/details/42052671

本文详细介绍了 Android 中的基本 UI 控件，包括 Button、ToggleButton、ImageView 和 ProgressBar 的使用方法及属性设置。通过具体的布局文件示例展示了如何实现这些控件，并提供了 Java 代码示例来说明如何设置图像和操作进度条。

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---------------------------------基本控件---------------------------------------------------

包括字符区域，按钮，图像区域，图像按钮，进度条等

由于对于控件的使用，大部分在布局，所以没必要的话，只提供布局文件的代码

---------------------------------普通按钮----------------------------------------------------

Button的拓展关系如下：

android.view.View --> android.widget.TextView --> android.widget.Button

满足继承关系则父类中的属性子类都具备

Button主要的功能是设置监听器

Button有一个拓展类CompoundButton有选择框（CheckBox ) , ( RadioButton ) , 开关按钮（ ToggleButton )

比如Toggle只是具有不多的拓展：

布局文件写法大同小异：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:padding="4dp" 
        android:gravity="center_vertical">
    
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/text"
        android:text="the Translucnt Activity"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:paddingTop="250dp"
        android:paddingLeft="70dp"
    />
    
    <ToggleButton 
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:disabledAlpha="100.0"
        android:textOff="close"
        android:textOn="open"
        />
        
        
</LinearLayout>

属性的介绍：

--------------------------------------图像区域--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

具体用法很简单，直接看布局文件就很容易看懂：

android.view.View --> android.widget.ImageView

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<TextView
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@string/picture1"
    />
<ImageView
    android:src="@drawable/sample_1"
    android:adjustViewBounds="true"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    />
<TextView
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@string/picture2"
/>
<ImageView
    android:src="@drawable/sample_2"
    android:background="#66FFFFFF"
    android:adjustViewBounds="true"
    android:maxWidth="70dip"
    android:maxHeight="70dip"
    android:padding="10dip"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    />
</LinearLayout>

在Java中的ImageView中设置图像源的方法：

void setImageRsource ( int resId ) //设置图像源的资源ID
void setImageURI ( Uri  uri )   // 设置图像源的URI
void setImageBitmap ( Bitmap bm )  //设置一个Bitmap位图为图像源

----------------结合起来，图像按钮----------------------------------------------------

android.view.View --> android.widget.ImageView --> android,widget.ImageButton

只不过设置文本变成了设置图片

android:text的设置变成了android:src

----------------------------进度条--------------------------------------------------------------

android.view.View --> android.widget.ProgressBar

布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
    <ProgressBar android:id="@+id/progress_horizontal"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal" 
        android:layout_width="200dip"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:max="100"  <!--设置进度条的最大值-->
        android:progress="50" <!--设置进度条的当前值-->
        android:secondaryProgress="75" 
    />
    <TextView android:id="@+id/text1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:text="Default progress"
    />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        >
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/decrease"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:text="-"
        />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/increase"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:text="+"
        />
     </LinearLayout>
    <TextView android:id="@+id/text2"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:text="Secondary progress"
    />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    >
     <Button
         android:id="@+id/decrease_secondary"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:text="-" 
      />   
     <Button
        android:id="@+id/increase_secondary"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:text="+"
     />
    </LinearLayout>
     </LinearLayout>

java主程序

package com.android.study;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;

public class ProgressBar1 extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // 拓展标题进度条功能
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_PROGRESS);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        setProgressBarVisibility(true);
        //设置在标题中的进度条
        final ProgressBar progressHorizontal = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress_horizontal);
        setProgress(progressHorizontal.getProgress() * 100);
        setSecondaryProgress(progressHorizontal.getSecondaryProgress() * 100);
        
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.increase);
        button.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                progressHorizontal.incrementProgressBy(1);
                // Title progress is in range 0..10000
                setProgress(100 * progressHorizontal.getProgress());
            }
        });

        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.decrease);
        button.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                progressHorizontal.incrementProgressBy(-1);
                // Title progress is in range 0..10000
                setProgress(100 * progressHorizontal.getProgress());
            }
        });

        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.increase_secondary);
        button.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                progressHorizontal.incrementSecondaryProgressBy(1);
                // Title progress is in range 0..10000
                setSecondaryProgress(100 * progressHorizontal.getSecondaryProgress());
            }
        });

        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.decrease_secondary);
        button.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                progressHorizontal.incrementSecondaryProgressBy(-1);
                // Title progress is in range 0..10000
                setSecondaryProgress(100 * progressHorizontal.getSecondaryProgress());
            }
        });
        
    }
}

----------------------------其他样式的预存进度条-----------------------------------------------------------------

布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
    <RatingBar 
        android:id="@+id/ratingbar1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:numStars="3"
        android:rating="2.5"
        />
    <RatingBar android:id="@+id/ratingbar2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:numStars="5"
        android:rating="2.25" 
        />
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dip">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/rating"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
        <RatingBar android:id="@+id/small_ratingbar"
            style="?android:attr/ratingBarStyleSmall"
            android:layout_marginLeft="5dip"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        />
    </LinearLayout>
    <RatingBar
        android:id="@+id/indicator_ratingbar"
        style="?android:attr/ratingBarStyleIndicator"
        android:layout_marginLeft="5dip"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        />
</LinearLayout>

java主程序：

package com.android.study;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.RatingBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class RaitingStar extends Activity implements RatingBar.OnRatingBarChangeListener {
    RatingBar mSmallRatingBar;
    RatingBar mIndicatorRatingBar;
    TextView mRatingText;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        
        mRatingText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.rating);

        // We copy the most recently changed rating on to these indicator-only
        // rating bars
        mIndicatorRatingBar = (RatingBar) findViewById(R.id.indicator_ratingbar);
        mSmallRatingBar = (RatingBar) findViewById(R.id.small_ratingbar);
        
        // The different rating bars in the layout. Assign the listener to us.
        ((RatingBar)findViewById(R.id.ratingbar1)).setOnRatingBarChangeListener(this);
        ((RatingBar)findViewById(R.id.ratingbar2)).setOnRatingBarChangeListener(this);
    }

    public void onRatingChanged(RatingBar ratingBar, float rating, boolean fromTouch) {
        final int numStars = ratingBar.getNumStars();
        mRatingText.setText( 
                getString(R.string.ratingbar_rating) + " " + rating + "/" + numStars);

        // Since this rating bar is updated to reflect any of the other rating
 // bars, we should update it to the current values.
        if (mIndicatorRatingBar.getNumStars() != numStars) {
            mIndicatorRatingBar.setNumStars(numStars);
            mSmallRatingBar.setNumStars(numStars);
        }
        if (mIndicatorRatingBar.getRating() != rating) {
            mIndicatorRatingBar.setRating(rating);
            mSmallRatingBar.setRating(rating);
        }
        final float ratingBarStepSize = ratingBar.getStepSize();
        if (mIndicatorRatingBar.getStepSize() != ratingBarStepSize) {
            mIndicatorRatingBar.setStepSize(ratingBarStepSize);
            mSmallRatingBar.setStepSize(ratingBarStepSize);
        }
    }

}