本文详细介绍了如何在SpringCloud中整合RabbitMQ，重点在于确保消息的可靠性和消费端的并发控制。生产端配置了消息发送的重试机制，而消费端采用手工确认模式以保证消息的正确处理。同时，文中提供了相关的代码配置，包括消费者的监听配置和生产者的发送操作，并给出了测试步骤，确保队列和交换机的正确绑定。
RabbitMQ整合 SpringCloud实战
注意一点，在发送消息的时候对template进行配置mandatory=true保证监听有效
生产端还可以配置其他属性，比如发送重试，超时时间、次数、间隔等
消费端核心配置
- 首先配置手工确认模式，用于ACK的手工处理，这样我们可以保证消息的可靠性送达，或者在消费端消费失败的时候可以做到重回队列、根据业务记录日志等处理
- 可以设置消费端的监听个数和最大个数，用于控制消费端的并发情况
@RabbitListener注解的使用
- 消费端监听@RabbitListener注解，这个对于在实际工作中非常的好用
- @RabbitListener是一个组合注解，里面可以注解配置（@QueueBinding、@Queue、@Exchange）直接通过这个组合注解一次性搞定消费端交换机、队列、绑定、路由、并且配置监听功能等
由于类配置写在代码里非常不友好，所以强烈建议大家使用配置文件配置
相关代码
rabbitmq-common子项目
package com.swx.rabbitmqcommon.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author Songwanxi
* @site www.lentter.club
* @company
* @create 2020-03-04 11:34
*
* 支付完毕后下单操作实体类
*/
public class Order implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
public Order() {
}
public Order(String id, String name) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer子项目
Pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.swx</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.swx</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Yml配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=122.51.229.49:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
server.port=80
server.servlet.context-path=/
#签收模式
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
#连接数
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
#最大连接数
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
#定义队列、交换机、交换机类型(主体、直连、输出)
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
RabbitReceiver
package com.swx.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer.conusmer;
import com.swx.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Songwanxi
* @site www.lentter.club
* @company
* @create 2020-03-04 10:27
*/
@Component
public class RabbitReceiver {
/**
* 将队列、交换机、以及它们之间的关系申明在全局配置文件application中
* @param message
* @param channel
* @throws Exception
*/
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "queue-1",
durable="true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1",
durable="true",
type= "topic",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
key = "springboot.*"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消费端Payload: " + message.getPayload());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
/**
*
* spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-1
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
* @param order
* @param channel
* @param headers
* @throws Exception
* 将队列、交换机、以及它们之间的关系申明在全局配置文件application中
*/
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}",
type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onOrderMessage(@Payload Order order,
Channel channel,
@Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
}
rabbitmq-springcloud-producer子项目
Pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.swx</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.swx</groupId>
<artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
Yml配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=122.51.229.49:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
RabbitSender.java
package com.swx.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.producer;
import com.swx.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Songwanxi
* @site www.lentter.club
* @company
* @create 2020-03-04 10:39
*/
@Component
public class RabbitSender {
//自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//回调函数: confirm确认
final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
if(!ack){
System.err.println("异常处理....");
}
}
};
//回调函数: return返回
final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
String exchange, String routingKey) {
System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: "
+ routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
}
};
//支付微服务发送消息（让短信微服务调用第三方接口的消息）到达MQ broker
//发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息
public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 时间戳 全局唯一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData);
}
//支付微服务发送消息（让订单微服务执行下单操作，往订单表插入订单数据）到达MQ broker
//发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息
public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 时间戳 全局唯一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData);
}
}
测试代码
package com.swx.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer;
import com.swx.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order;
import com.swx.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.producer.RabbitSender;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
class RabbitmqSpringcloudProducerApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private RabbitSender rabbitSender;
private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
@Test
public void testSender1() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
properties.put("number", "12345");
properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date()));
rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties);
}
@Test
public void testSender2() throws Exception {
Order order = new Order("001", "第一个订单");
rabbitSender.sendOrder(order);
}
}
跟之前的一样，先要有队列所以先运行Consumer
确认有两个队列，且都绑定了交换机
RabbitSender类的@Component注解通过测试类调用，短信微服务RabbitReceiver类的onMessage方法处理
然后运行testSender1
来自于RabbitSender接收的消息
然后运行testSender2
由于网络问题我无法使用2.2.5版本，所以以上是降低版本后的。
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