Spring事务管理（二）

于 2020-03-26 21:12:22 发布
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分类专栏： java 源码解析 文章标签： spring
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_20221431/article/details/105128203
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本文深入探讨Spring声明式事务管理，重点关注@Transactional注解的使用。内容包括事务管理的bean配置、传播特性、隔离级别、超时时间及只读设置。通过实例分析了运行时异常与编译时异常对事务回滚的影响，揭示了不同异常类型下事务处理的差异。

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Spring的事务管理（二）

Spring事务管理目前有两种实现方式：声明式和编程式事务管理。
本文主要讨论的是，声明式事务管理方式，即借助Spring的AOP特性与@Transactional注解来实现。

@Transactional注解详解

事务管理的bean名称
@AliasFor(“transactionManager”)
String value() default “”;
事务管理的bean名称
@AliasFor(“value”)
String transactionManager() default “”;
事务的传播特性默认为REQUIRED
Propagation propagation() default Propagation.REQUIRED;
事务隔离级别默认为数据库的隔离级别
Isolation isolation() default Isolation.DEFAULT;
事务的超时时间
int timeout() default TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
是否为只读事务 默认为false
boolean readOnly() default false;
事务运行时抛出哪些异常会回滚
Class<? extends Throwable>[] rollbackFor() default {};
String[] rollbackForClassName() default {};
事务运行时抛出哪些异常不会回滚
Class<? extends Throwable>[] noRollbackFor() default {};
String[] noRollbackForClassName() default {};

本文主要讲解的内容

本文主要讲解的内容为在事务的注解为默认值时，抛出异常后事务处理的方式：
异常的分类分为：编译期异常和运行时异常。本文也着重于从这两点来进行分析。本文使用的是springboot 2.0.0搭建的框架来进行验证的。首先我们在数据库创建表T1。有一个方法向该表中插入一条记录。下面我们分别看看两种异常，对事物的影响。
清空表中数据
dao层代码如下

public interface CommonDao {

    @Insert("INSERT INTO t2 (b,c,d) VALUES " +
            "(#{b,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{c,jdbcType=VARCHAR},#{d,jdbcType=VARCHAR})")
    int insertT2(String b, String c, String d);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO t1 (b,c,d) VALUES " +
            "(#{b,jdbcType=INTEGER},#{c,jdbcType=INTEGER},#{d,jdbcType=INTEGER})")
    int insertT1(int b, int c, int d);

}
运行时异常

首先有如下代码向数据库中插入一条记录service代码如下

@Service
public class CommonService {
    @Autowired
    private CommonDao commonDao;


    @Transactional()
    public void insertT1() throws Exception {
        commonDao.insertT1(1, 2, 3);
        throw new RuntimeException();

    }
}

通过postman调用接口后，控制台看到如下结果：

2020-03-26 21:40:29.195 [DEBUG] [c.i.s.s.m.dao.CommonDao.insertT1] ==>  Preparing: INSERT INTO t1 (b,c,d) VALUES (?,?,?) 
2020-03-26 21:40:29.255 [DEBUG] [c.i.s.s.m.dao.CommonDao.insertT1] ==> Parameters: 1(Integer), 2(Integer), 3(Integer)
2020-03-26 21:40:29.328 [DEBUG] [c.i.s.s.m.dao.CommonDao.insertT1] <==    Updates: 1
java.lang.RuntimeException
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.service.CommonService.insertT1(CommonService.java:20)
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.service.CommonService$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$bf79bb11.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:747)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:163)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:294)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:98)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:689)
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.service.CommonService$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$ac069771.insertT1(<generated>)
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.controller.CommonController.common(CommonController.java:23)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:209)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:136)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:102)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:870)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:776)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:991)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:925)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:978)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:870)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:855)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:199)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1459)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

然后我们再查看数据库中该记录是否被插入。
在这里插入图片描述
可以看出事务被回滚了，数据库中未插入记录。

编译时异常
    @Transactional()
    public void insertT1() throws Exception {
        commonDao.insertT1(1, 2, 3);
        throw new FileNotFoundException();

    }
```这次我们抛出一个编译时异常。再次运行代码，可以看到控制台输出

```java
2020-03-26 22:01:26.588 [DEBUG] [c.i.s.s.m.dao.CommonDao.insertT1] ==>  Preparing: INSERT INTO t1 (b,c,d) VALUES (?,?,?) 
2020-03-26 22:01:26.651 [DEBUG] [c.i.s.s.m.dao.CommonDao.insertT1] ==> Parameters: 1(Integer), 2(Integer), 3(Integer)
2020-03-26 22:01:26.742 [DEBUG] [c.i.s.s.m.dao.CommonDao.insertT1] <==    Updates: 1
java.io.FileNotFoundException
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.service.CommonService.insertT1(CommonService.java:22)
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.service.CommonService$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$bf79bb11.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:747)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:163)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:294)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:98)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:185)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:689)
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.service.CommonService$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$dbf2e493.insertT1(<generated>)
	at com.it.sunflower.survey.miniprom.controller.CommonController.common(CommonController.java:23)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:209)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:136)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:102)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:870)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:776)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:991)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:925)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:978)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:870)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:855)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:199)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1459)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

然后我们在看看数据库中数据：在这里插入图片描述
可以看到数据被正常插入了，事务没有回滚。

产生以上差异的原因

我们来看看如下代码。

	protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
		if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null){
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() +
						"] after exception: " + ex);
			}
			if (txInfo.transactionAttribute != null && txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
				try {
					txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
				}
				catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
					ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
				catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
			}
			else {
				// We don't roll back on this exception.
				// Will still roll back if TransactionStatus.isRollbackOnly() is true.
				try {
					txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
				}
				catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
					ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
				catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
			}
		}
	}

看方法名称也可以知道抛出Throwable 后，完成事务处理的方法：

if (txInfo.transactionAttribute != null && txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex))

我们来看看这行代码：主要是判断当前的Throwable是否可以被回滚。再来看看该方法的具体实现。我们可以看到运行时异常或者Error都会返回true，也就是会进行事物的回滚。

	public boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex) {
		return (ex instanceof RuntimeException || ex instanceof Error);
	}
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