Android ViewDragHelper使用及原理

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#android #ViewDragHelper #view拖拽 #侧滑

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本文详细解析了Android中ViewDragHelper的初始化、事件拦截处理和拖动事件处理过程，包括如何设置拖动边界、启动拖动、处理拖动、释放拖动以及滚动效果。通过对ViewDragHelper的源码分析，介绍了如何利用它实现View的拖拽和侧滑功能，以及在实际应用中的操作技巧。

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ViewDragHelper类，是用来处理View边界拖动相关的类，比如我们这里要用的例子—侧滑拖动关闭页面(类似微信)，该功能很明显是要处理在View上的触摸事件，记录触摸点、计算距离、滚动动画、状态回调等，如果我们自己手动实现自然会很麻烦还可能出错，而这个类会帮助我们大大简化工作量。

该类是在Support包中提供，所以不会有系统适配问题，下面我们就来看看他的原理和使用吧。

1.初始化

private ViewDragHelper(Context context, ViewGroup forParent, Callback cb) {
        ...
        mParentView = forParent;//BaseView
        mCallback = cb;//callback
        final ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(context);
        final float density = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
        mEdgeSize = (int) (EDGE_SIZE * density + 0.5f);//边界拖动距离范围
        mTouchSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();//拖动距离阈值
        mScroller = new OverScroller(context, sInterpolator);//滚动器
    }

mParentView是指基于哪个View进行触摸处理
mCallback是触摸处理的各个阶段的回调
mEdgeSize是指在边界多少距离内算作拖动，默认为20dp
mTouchSlop指滑动多少距离算作拖动，用的系统默认值
mScroller是View滚动的Scroller对象，用于处理释触摸放后，View的滚动行为，比如滚动回原始位置或者滚动出屏幕

2.拦截事件处理

该类提供了boolean shouldInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent)方法，通常我们需要这么写：

override fun onInterceptTouchEvent(ev: MotionEvent?) =
            dragHelper?.shouldInterceptTouchEvent(ev) ?: super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)

该方法用于处理mParentView是否拦截此次事件

public boolean shouldInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        ...
        switch (action) {
            ...
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
                if (mInitialMotionX == null || mInitialMotionY == null) break;
                // First to cross a touch slop over a draggable view wins. Also report edge drags.
                final int pointerCount = ev.getPointerCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
                    final int pointerId = ev.getPointerId(i);
                    // If pointer is invalid then skip the ACTION_MOVE.
                    if (!isValidPointerForActionMove(pointerId)) continue;
                    final float x = ev.getX(i);
                    final float y = ev.getY(i);
                    final float dx = x - mInitialMotionX[pointerId];
                    final float dy = y - mInitialMotionY[pointerId];
                    final View toCapture = findTopChildUnder((int) x, (int) y);
                    final boolean pastSlop = toCapture != null && checkTouchSlop(toCapture, dx, dy);
                    ...
                    //判断pointer的拖动边界
                    reportNewEdgeDrags(dx, dy, pointerId);
                    ...
                }
                saveLastMotion(ev);
                break;
            }
            ...
        }
        return mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING;
}

拦截事件的前提是mDragState为STATE_DRAGGING，也就是正在拖动状态下才会拦截，那么什么时候会变为拖动状态呢？当ACTION_MOVE时，调用reportNewEdgeDrags方法:

private void reportNewEdgeDrags(float dx, float dy, int pointerId) {
        int dragsStarted = 0;
  			//判断是否在Left边缘进行滑动
        if (checkNewEdgeDrag(dx, dy, pointerId, EDGE_LEFT)) {
            dragsStarted |= EDGE_LEFT;
        }
        if (checkNewEdgeDrag(dy, dx, pointerId, EDGE_TOP)) {
            dragsStarted |= EDGE_TOP;
        }
        ...
        if (dragsStarted != 0) {
            mEdgeDragsInProgress[pointerId] |= dragsStarted;
          	//回调拖动的边
            mCallback.onEdgeDragStarted(dragsStarted, pointerId);
        }
}

private boolean checkNewEdgeDrag(float delta, float odelta, int pointerId, int edge) {
        final float absDelta = Math.abs(delta);
        final float absODelta = Math.abs(odelta);
				//是否支持edge的拖动以及是否满足拖动距离的阈值
        if ((mInitialEdgesTouched[pointerId] & edge) != edge  || (mTrackingEdges & edge) == 0
                || (mEdgeDragsLocked[pointerId] & edge) == edge
                || (mEdgeDragsInProgress[pointerId] & edge) == edge
                || (absDelta <= mTouchSlop && absODelta <= mTouchSlop)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (absDelta < absODelta * 0.5f && mCallback.onEdgeLock(edge)) {
            mEdgeDragsLocked[pointerId] |= edge;
            return false;
        }
        return (mEdgeDragsInProgress[pointerId] & edge) == 0 && absDelta > mTouchSlop;
}

可以看到，当ACTION_MOVE时，会尝试找到pointer对应的拖动边界，这个边界可以由我们来制定，比如侧滑关闭页面是从左侧开始的，所以我们可以调用setEdgeTrackingEnabled(ViewDragHelper.EDGE_LEFT)来设置只支持左侧滑动。而一旦有滚动发生，就会回调callback的onEdgeDragStarted方法，交由我们做如下操作：

override fun onEdgeDragStarted(edgeFlags: Int, pointerId: Int) {
                super.onEdgeDragStarted(edgeFlags, pointerId)
                dragHelper?.captureChildView(getChildAt(0), pointerId)
            }

我们调用了ViewDragHelper的captureChildView方法：

public void captureChildView(View childView, int activePointerId) {
        mCapturedView = childView;//记录拖动view
        mActivePointerId = activePointerId;
        mCallback.onViewCaptured(childView, activePointerId);
        setDragState(STATE_DRAGGING);//设置状态为开始拖动
}

此时，我们就记录了拖动的View，并将状态置为拖动，那么在下次ACTION_MOVE的时候，该mParentView就会拦截事件，交由自己的onTouchEvent方法处理拖动了！

3.拖动事件处理

该类提供了void processTouchEvent(MotionEvent)方法，通常我们需要这么写：

override fun onTouchEvent(event: MotionEvent?): Boolean {
        dragHelper?.processTouchEvent(event)//交由ViewDragHelper处理
        return true
}

该方法用于处理mParentView拦截事件后的拖动处理：

public void processTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        ...
        switch (action) {
            ...
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
                if (mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING) {
                    // If pointer is invalid then skip the ACTION_MOVE.
                    if (!isValidPointerForActionMove(mActivePointerId)) break;
                    final int index = ev.findPointerIndex(mActivePointerId);
                    final float x = ev.getX(index);
                    final float y = ev.getY(index);
                    //计算距离上次的拖动距离
                    final int idx = (int) (x - mLastMotionX[mActivePointerId]);
                    final int idy = (int) (y - mLastMotionY[mActivePointerId]);
                    dragTo(mCapturedView.getLeft() + idx, mCapturedView.getTop() + idy, idx, idy);//处理拖动
                    saveLastMotion(ev);//记录当前触摸点
                }...
                break;
            }
            ...
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
                if (mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING) {
                    releaseViewForPointerUp();//释放拖动view
                }
                cancel();
                break;
            }...
        }
}

(1)拖动

ACTION_MOVE时，会计算出pointer距离上次的位移，然后计算出capturedView的目标位置，进行拖动处理

private void dragTo(int left, int top, int dx, int dy) {
        int clampedX = left;
        int clampedY = top;
        final int oldLeft = mCapturedView.getLeft();
        final int oldTop = mCapturedView.getTop();
        if (dx != 0) {
            clampedX = mCallback.clampViewPositionHorizontal(mCapturedView, left, dx);//通过callback获取真正的移动值
            ViewCompat.offsetLeftAndRight(mCapturedView, clampedX - oldLeft);//进行位移
        }
        if (dy != 0) {
            clampedY = mCallback.clampViewPositionVertical(mCapturedView, top, dy);
            ViewCompat.offsetTopAndBottom(mCapturedView, clampedY - oldTop);
        }

        if (dx != 0 || dy != 0) {
            final int clampedDx = clampedX - oldLeft;
            final int clampedDy = clampedY - oldTop;
            mCallback.onViewPositionChanged(mCapturedView, clampedX, clampedY,
                    clampedDx, clampedDy);//callback回调移动后的位置
        }
}

通过callback的clampViewPositionHorizontal方法决定实际移动的水平距离，通常都是返回left值，即拖动了多少就移动多少

通过callback的onViewPositionChanged方法，可以对View拖动后的新位置做一些处理，如：

override fun onViewPositionChanged(changedView: View?, left: Int, top: Int, dx: Int, dy: Int) {
  super.onViewPositionChanged(changedView, left, top, dx, dy)
    //当新的left位置到达width时，即滑动除了界面，关闭页面
    if (left >= width && context is Activity && !context.isFinishing) {
      context.finish()
    }
}

(2)释放

而ACTION_UP动作时，要释放拖动View

private void releaseViewForPointerUp() {
        ...
        dispatchViewReleased(xvel, yvel);
}

private void dispatchViewReleased(float xvel, float yvel) {
        mReleaseInProgress = true;
        mCallback.onViewReleased(mCapturedView, xvel, yvel);//callback回调释放
        mReleaseInProgress = false;
        if (mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING) {
            // onViewReleased didn't call a method that would have changed this. Go idle.
            setDragState(STATE_IDLE);//重置状态
        }
}

通常在callback的onViewReleased方法中，我们可以判断当前释放点的位置，从而决定是要回弹页面还是滑出屏幕：

override fun onViewReleased(releasedChild: View?, xvel: Float, yvel: Float) {
  super.onViewReleased(releasedChild, xvel, yvel)
    //滑动速度到达一定值时直接关闭
    if (xvel >= 300) {//滑动页面到屏幕外，关闭页面
      dragHelper?.settleCapturedViewAt(width, 0)
    } else {//回弹页面
      dragHelper?.settleCapturedViewAt(0, 0)
    }
  //刷新，开始关闭或重置动画
  invalidate()
}

如滑动速度大于300时，我们调用settleCapturedViewAt方法将页面滚动出屏幕，否则调用该方法进行回弹

(3)滚动

ViewDragHelper的settleCapturedViewAt(left，top)方法，用于将capturedView滚动到left，top的位置

public boolean settleCapturedViewAt(int finalLeft, int finalTop) {
  return forceSettleCapturedViewAt(finalLeft, finalTop,
                                   (int) mVelocityTracker.getXVelocity(mActivePointerId),
                                   (int) mVelocityTracker.getYVelocity(mActivePointerId));
}

private boolean forceSettleCapturedViewAt(int finalLeft, int finalTop, int xvel, int yvel) {
  //当前位置
  final int startLeft = mCapturedView.getLeft();
  final int startTop = mCapturedView.getTop();
  //偏移量
  final int dx = finalLeft - startLeft;
  final int dy = finalTop - startTop;
  ...
  final int duration = computeSettleDuration(mCapturedView, dx, dy, xvel, yvel);
  //使用Scroller对象开始滚动
  mScroller.startScroll(startLeft, startTop, dx, dy, duration);
	//重置状态为滚动
  setDragState(STATE_SETTLING);
  return true;
}

其内部使用的是Scroller对象：是View的滚动机制，其回调是View的computeScroll()方法，在其内部通过Scroller对象的computeScrollOffset方法判断是否滚动完毕，如仍需滚动，需要调用invalidate方法进行刷新

ViewDragHelper据此提供了一个类似的方法continueSettling，需要在computeScroll中调用，判断是否需要invalidate

public boolean continueSettling(boolean deferCallbacks) {
  if (mDragState == STATE_SETTLING) {
    //是否滚动结束
    boolean keepGoing = mScroller.computeScrollOffset();
    //当前滚动值
    final int x = mScroller.getCurrX();
    final int y = mScroller.getCurrY();
    //偏移量
    final int dx = x - mCapturedView.getLeft();
    final int dy = y - mCapturedView.getTop();
		//便宜操作
    if (dx != 0) {
      ViewCompat.offsetLeftAndRight(mCapturedView, dx);
    }
    if (dy != 0) {
      ViewCompat.offsetTopAndBottom(mCapturedView, dy);
    }
		//回调
    if (dx != 0 || dy != 0) {
      mCallback.onViewPositionChanged(mCapturedView, x, y, dx, dy);
    }
    //滚动结束状态
    if (!keepGoing) {
      if (deferCallbacks) {
        mParentView.post(mSetIdleRunnable);
      } else {
        setDragState(STATE_IDLE);
      }
    }
  }
  return mDragState == STATE_SETTLING;
}

在我们的View中：

override fun computeScroll() {
  super.computeScroll()
    if (dragHelper?.continueSettling(true) == true) {
      invalidate()
    }
}

以上，就是ViewDragHelper的实现原理和使用方式。