mysql的四种连接方式--端口,TCP,SOCKET,PIPE,SHARED MEMORY

本文介绍了MySQL的四种主要连接方式:本地sock连接、TCP连接、PIPE连接和SHAREDMEMORY连接,并提供了每种连接方式下的服务器及客户端启动选项,默认值及实际使用示例。

mysql的四种连接方式:

一、我们平时用的:

实际上 这种方式就是通过本地sock连接

mysql -utest -ptest

看到红线部分是@localhost
在这里插入图片描述

二、通过端口连接

需要加端口号,ip地址

mysql -utest -ptest -h127.0.0.1 -P3307

在这里插入图片描述
MySQL除了最常见的TCP连接方式外,还提供SOCKET(LINUX默认连接方式)PIPESHARED MEMORY连接方式。
各连接方式的服务器、客户端启动选项,及连接默认值见下表:

TCP连接(Linux,Windows):
目标 启动选项 默认值

SERVER --port=PORT 3306
CLIENT --protocol=TCP --port=PORT 3306

SOCKET连接(Linux):
目标 启动选项 默认值

SERVER --enable-named-pipe --socket=SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock
CLIENT --protocol=SOCKET --socket=SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock

PIPE连接(Windows):
目标 启动选项 默认值

SERVER --enable-named-pipe --socket=SOCKET MYSQL
CLIENT --protocol=PIPE --socket=SOCKET MYSQL

SHARED MEMORY连接(Windows):
目标 启动选项 默认值

SERVER --shared-memory --shared-memory-base-name=MEMORY MySQL
CLIENT --protocol=MEMORY --shared-memory-base-name=MEMORY MySQL

其他的一些方式的详细说明和举例:

原文网址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yingdiblog/p/7011054.html

1、mysqld

启动mysql服务器:./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root
客户端连接:

mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
or
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

2、mysqld_safe

启动mysql服务器:./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root &
客户端连接:

mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
or
mysql -S /tm/mysql.sock

3、mysql.server

cp -v /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
chkconfig --add mysql.server

启动mysql服务器:service mysql.server {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}
客户端连接:同1、2

注:有些机器不行。

4、mysqld_multi

mkdir $MYSQL_BASE/data2
cat /etc/my.cnf
得到结果:

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /user/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysqladmin
password = mysqladmin

[mysqld3306]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /tmp/mysql3306.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
 
[mysqld3307]
port            = 3307
socket          = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /tmp/mysql3307.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2

#mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
mysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘mysqladmin’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘mysqladmin’ with grant option;

#mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
mysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘mysqladmin’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘mysqladmin’ with grant option;

启动mysql服务器:./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf start 3306-3307
关闭mysql服务器:mysqladmin shutdown

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for Win64 (x86_64) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Usage: mysql [OPTIONS] [database] -?, --help Display this help and exit. -I, --help Synonym for -? --auto-rehash Enable automatic rehashing. One doesn't need to use 'rehash' to get table and field completion, but startup and reconnecting may take a longer time. Disable with --disable-auto-rehash. (Defaults to on; use --skip-auto-rehash to disable.) -A, --no-auto-rehash No automatic rehashing. One has to use 'rehash' to get table and field completion. This gives a quicker start of mysql and disables rehashing on reconnect. --auto-vertical-output Automatically switch to vertical output mode if the result is wider than the terminal width. -B, --batch Don't use history file. Disable interactive behavior. (Enables --silent.) --bind-address=name IP address to bind to. --character-sets-dir=name Directory for character set files. --column-type-info Display column type information. -c, --comments Preserve comments. Send comments to the server. The default is --skip-comments (discard comments), enable with --comments. -C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol. -#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit. --debug-check This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit. -T, --debug-info This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit. -D, --database=name Database to use. --default-character-set=name Set the default character set. --delimiter=name Delimiter to be used. --enable-cleartext-plugin Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin. -e, --execute=name Execute command and quit. (Disables --force and history file.) -E, --vertical Print the output of a query (rows) vertically. -f, --force Continue even if we get an SQL error. --histignore=name A colon-separated list of patterns to keep statements from getting logged into syslog and mysql history. -G, --named-commands Enable named commands. Named commands mean this program's internal commands; see mysql> help . When enabled, the named commands can be used from any line of the query, otherwise only from the first line, before an enter. Disable with --disable-named-commands. This option is disabled by default. -i, --ignore-spaces Ignore space after function names. --init-command=name SQL Command to execute when connecting to MySQL server. Will automatically be re-executed when reconnecting. --local-infile Enable/disable LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE. -b, --no-beep Turn off beep on error. -h, --host=name Connect to host. -H, --html Produce HTML output. -X, --xml Produce XML output. --line-numbers Write line numbers for errors. (Defaults to on; use --skip-line-numbers to disable.) -L, --skip-line-numbers Don't write line number for errors. -n, --unbuffered Flush buffer after each query. --column-names Write column names in results. (Defaults to on; use --skip-column-names to disable.) -N, --skip-column-names Don't write column names in results. --sigint-ignore Ignore SIGINT (CTRL-C). -o, --one-database Ignore statements except those that occur while the default database is the one named at the command line. -p, --password[=name] Password to use when connecting to server. If password is not given it's asked from the tty. -W, --pipe Use named pipes to connect to server. -P, --port=# Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/services, built-in default (3306). --prompt=name Set the mysql prompt to this value. --protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe, memory). -q, --quick Don't cache result, print it row by row. This may slow down the server if the output is suspended. Doesn't use history file. -r, --raw Write fields without conversion. Used with --batch. --reconnect Reconnect if the connection is lost. Disable with --disable-reconnect. This option is enabled by default. (Defaults to on; use --skip-reconnect to disable.) -s, --silent Be more silent. Print results with a tab as separator, each row on new line. --shared-memory-base-name=name Base name of shared memory. -S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection. --ssl-mode=name SSL connection mode. --ssl Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode instead. (Defaults to on; use --skip-ssl to disable.) --ssl-verify-server-cert Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode=VERIFY_IDENTITY instead. --ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format. --ssl-capath=name CA directory. --ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format. --ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use. --ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format. --ssl-crl=name Certificate revocation list. --ssl-crlpath=name Certificate revocation list path. --tls-version=name TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1, TLSv1.1 -t, --table Output in table format. --tee=name Append everything into outfile. See interactive help (\h) also. Does not work in batch mode. Disable with --disable-tee. This option is disabled by default. -u, --user=name User for login if not current user. -U, --safe-updates Only allow UPDATE and DELETE that uses keys. -U, --i-am-a-dummy Synonym for option --safe-updates, -U. -v, --verbose Write more. (-v -v -v gives the table output format). -V, --version Output version information and exit. -w, --wait Wait and retry if connection is down. --connect-timeout=# Number of seconds before connection timeout. --max-allowed-packet=# The maximum packet length to send to or receive from server. --net-buffer-length=# The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication. --select-limit=# Automatic limit for SELECT when using --safe-updates. --max-join-size=# Automatic limit for rows in a join when using --safe-updates. --secure-auth Refuse client connecting to server if it uses old (pre-4.1.1) protocol. Deprecated. Always TRUE --server-arg=name Send embedded server this as a parameter. --show-warnings Show warnings after every statement. -j, --syslog Log filtered interactive commands to syslog. Filtering of commands depends on the patterns supplied via histignore option besides the default patterns. --plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins. --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use. --binary-mode By default, ASCII '\0' is disallowed and '\r\n' is translated to '\n'. This switch turns off both features, and also turns off parsing of all clientcommands except \C and DELIMITER, in non-interactive mode (for input piped to mysql or loaded using the 'source' command). This is necessary when processing output from mysqlbinlog that may contain blobs. --connect-expired-password Notify the server that this client is prepared to handle expired password sandbox mode. Default options are read from the following files in the given order: C:\WINDOWS\my.ini C:\WINDOWS\my.cnf C:\my.ini C:\my.cnf D:\mysql\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\my.ini D:\mysql\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\my.cnf The following groups are read: mysql client The following options may be given as the first argument: --print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit. --no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file, except for login file. --defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #. --defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read. --defaults-group-suffix=# Also read groups with concat(group, suffix) --login-path=# Read this path from the login file. Variables (--variable-name=value) and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options) --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- auto-rehash TRUE auto-vertical-output FALSE bind-address (No default value) character-sets-dir (No default value) column-type-info FALSE comments FALSE compress FALSE database (No default value) default-character-set utf8 delimiter ; enable-cleartext-plugin FALSE vertical FALSE force FALSE histignore (No default value) named-commands FALSE ignore-spaces FALSE init-command (No default value) local-infile FALSE no-beep FALSE host (No default value) html FALSE xml FALSE line-numbers TRUE unbuffered FALSE column-names TRUE sigint-ignore FALSE port 3306 prompt mysql> quick FALSE raw FALSE reconnect TRUE shared-memory-base-name (No default value) socket (No default value) ssl TRUE ssl-verify-server-cert FALSE ssl-ca (No default value) ssl-capath (No default value) ssl-cert (No default value) ssl-cipher (No default value) ssl-key (No default value) ssl-crl (No default value) ssl-crlpath (No default value) tls-version (No default value) table FALSE user (No default value) safe-updates FALSE i-am-a-dummy FALSE connect-timeout 0 max-allowed-packet 16777216 net-buffer-length 16384 select-limit 1000 max-join-size 1000000 secure-auth TRUE show-warnings FALSE plugin-dir (No default value) default-auth (No default value) binary-mode FALSE connect-expired-password FALSE C:\Users\lenovo>mysql –u root –p mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for Win64 (x86_64) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Usage: mysql [OPTIONS] [database] -?, --help Display this help and exit. -I, --help Synonym for -? --auto-rehash Enable automatic rehashing. One doesn't need to use 'rehash' to get table and field completion, but startup and reconnecting may take a longer time. Disable with --disable-auto-rehash. (Defaults to on; use --skip-auto-rehash to disable.) -A, --no-auto-rehash No automatic rehashing. One has to use 'rehash' to get table and field completion. This gives a quicker start of mysql and disables rehashing on reconnect. --auto-vertical-output Automatically switch to vertical output mode if the result is wider than the terminal width. -B, --batch Don't use history file. Disable interactive behavior. (Enables --silent.) --bind-address=name IP address to bind to. --character-sets-dir=name Directory for character set files. --column-type-info Display column type information. -c, --comments Preserve comments. Send comments to the server. The default is --skip-comments (discard comments), enable with --comments. -C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol. -#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit. --debug-check This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit. -T, --debug-info This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit. -D, --database=name Database to use. --default-character-set=name Set the default character set. --delimiter=name Delimiter to be used. --enable-cleartext-plugin Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin. -e, --execute=name Execute command and quit. (Disables --force and history file.) -E, --vertical Print the output of a query (rows) vertically. -f, --force Continue even if we get an SQL error. --histignore=name A colon-separated list of patterns to keep statements from getting logged into syslog and mysql history. -G, --named-commands Enable named commands. Named commands mean this program's internal commands; see mysql> help . When enabled, the named commands can be used from any line of the query, otherwise only from the first line, before an enter. Disable with --disable-named-commands. This option is disabled by default. -i, --ignore-spaces Ignore space after function names. --init-command=name SQL Command to execute when connecting to MySQL server. Will automatically be re-executed when reconnecting. --local-infile Enable/disable LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE. -b, --no-beep Turn off beep on error. -h, --host=name Connect to host. -H, --html Produce HTML output. -X, --xml Produce XML output. --line-numbers Write line numbers for errors. (Defaults to on; use --skip-line-numbers to disable.) -L, --skip-line-numbers Don't write line number for errors. -n, --unbuffered Flush buffer after each query. --column-names Write column names in results. (Defaults to on; use --skip-column-names to disable.) -N, --skip-column-names Don't write column names in results. --sigint-ignore Ignore SIGINT (CTRL-C). -o, --one-database Ignore statements except those that occur while the default database is the one named at the command line. -p, --password[=name] Password to use when connecting to server. If password is not given it's asked from the tty. -W, --pipe Use named pipes to connect to server. -P, --port=# Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, /etc/services, built-in default (3306). --prompt=name Set the mysql prompt to this value. --protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe, memory). -q, --quick Don't cache result, print it row by row. This may slow down the server if the output is suspended. Doesn't use history file. -r, --raw Write fields without conversion. Used with --batch. --reconnect Reconnect if the connection is lost. Disable with --disable-reconnect. This option is enabled by default. (Defaults to on; use --skip-reconnect to disable.) -s, --silent Be more silent. Print results with a tab as separator, each row on new line. --shared-memory-base-name=name Base name of shared memory. -S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection. --ssl-mode=name SSL connection mode. --ssl Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode instead. (Defaults to on; use --skip-ssl to disable.) --ssl-verify-server-cert Deprecated. Use --ssl-mode=VERIFY_IDENTITY instead. --ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format. --ssl-capath=name CA directory. --ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format. --ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use. --ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format. --ssl-crl=name Certificate revocation list. --ssl-crlpath=name Certificate revocation list path. --tls-version=name TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1, TLSv1.1 -t, --table Output in table format. --tee=name Append everything into outfile. See interactive help (\h) also. Does not work in batch mode. Disable with --disable-tee. This option is disabled by default. -u, --user=name User for login if not current user. -U, --safe-updates Only allow UPDATE and DELETE that uses keys. -U, --i-am-a-dummy Synonym for option --safe-updates, -U. -v, --verbose Write more. (-v -v -v gives the table output format). -V, --version Output version information and exit. -w, --wait Wait and retry if connection is down. --connect-timeout=# Number of seconds before connection timeout. --max-allowed-packet=# The maximum packet length to send to or receive from server. --net-buffer-length=# The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication. --select-limit=# Automatic limit for SELECT when using --safe-updates. --max-join-size=# Automatic limit for rows in a join when using --safe-updates. --secure-auth Refuse client connecting to server if it uses old (pre-4.1.1) protocol. Deprecated. Always TRUE --server-arg=name Send embedded server this as a parameter. --show-warnings Show warnings after every statement. -j, --syslog Log filtered interactive commands to syslog. Filtering of commands depends on the patterns supplied via histignore option besides the default patterns. --plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins. --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use. --binary-mode By default, ASCII '\0' is disallowed and '\r\n' is translated to '\n'. This switch turns off both features, and also turns off parsing of all clientcommands except \C and DELIMITER, in non-interactive mode (for input piped to mysql or loaded using the 'source' command). This is necessary when processing output from mysqlbinlog that may contain blobs. --connect-expired-password Notify the server that this client is prepared to handle expired password sandbox mode. Default options are read from the following files in the given order: C:\WINDOWS\my.ini C:\WINDOWS\my.cnf C:\my.ini C:\my.cnf D:\mysql\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\my.ini D:\mysql\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\mysql-5.7.18-winx64\my.cnf The following groups are read: mysql client The following options may be given as the first argument: --print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit. --no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file, except for login file. --defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #. --defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read. --defaults-group-suffix=# Also read groups with concat(group, suffix) --login-path=# Read this path from the login file. Variables (--variable-name=value) and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options) --------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- auto-rehash TRUE auto-vertical-output FALSE bind-address (No default value) character-sets-dir (No default value) column-type-info FALSE comments FALSE compress FALSE database (No default value) default-character-set utf8 delimiter ; enable-cleartext-plugin FALSE vertical FALSE force FALSE histignore (No default value) named-commands FALSE ignore-spaces FALSE init-command (No default value) local-infile FALSE no-beep FALSE host (No default value) html FALSE xml FALSE line-numbers TRUE unbuffered FALSE column-names TRUE sigint-ignore FALSE port 3306 prompt mysql> quick FALSE raw FALSE reconnect TRUE shared-memory-base-name (No default value) socket (No default value) ssl TRUE ssl-verify-server-cert FALSE ssl-ca (No default value) ssl-capath (No default value) ssl-cert (No default value) ssl-cipher (No default value) ssl-key (No default value) ssl-crl (No default value) ssl-crlpath (No default value) tls-version (No default value) table FALSE user (No default value) safe-updates FALSE i-am-a-dummy FALSE connect-timeout 0 max-allowed-packet 16777216 net-buffer-length 16384 select-limit 1000 max-join-size 1000000 secure-auth TRUE show-warnings FALSE plugin-dir (No default value) default-auth (No default value) binary-mode FALSE connect-expired-password FALSE C:\Users\lenovo>
06-23
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