对于序列化和反序列化的理解

本文介绍如何使用.NET Framework中的XmlSerializer类实现基本数据类型及自定义对象的序列化与反序列化,包括简单类型的序列化、自定义对象的序列化及对象数组的序列化。

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一、什么是序列化和反序列化

序列化是将对象状态转换为可保持传输的格式的过程。与序列化相对的是反序列化,它将流转换为对象。这两个过程结合起来,可以轻松地存储和传输数据。


二、XmlSerializer对象的xml序列化和反序列化

1)简单的xml序列化

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class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int i = 10;
        //声明Xml序列化对象实例serializer
        //指定类型
        XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(int));
        //执行序列化并将序列化结果输出到控制台
        serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, i);
        Console.Read();
    }
}
在控制台输出结果:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<int>10</int>
xml进行反序列化:

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static void Main(string[] args)
{
    using (StringReader rdr = new StringReader(@"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""gb2312""?>
<int>10</int>"))
    {
        //声明序列化对象实例serializer
        XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(int));
        //反序列化,并将反序列化结果值赋给变量i
        int i = (int)serializer.Deserialize(rdr);
        //输出反序列化结果
        Console.WriteLine("i = " + i);
        Console.Read();
    }
}
2)自定义对象的序列化

namespace UseXmlSerialization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明一个猫咪对象
            var c = new Cat { Color = "White", Speed = 10, Saying = "White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat" };
 
            //序列化这个对象
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Cat));
 
            //将对象序列化输出到控制台
            serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, c);
 
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
 
    [XmlRoot("cat")]
    public class Cat
    {
        //定义Color属性的序列化为cat节点的属性
        [XmlAttribute("color")]
        public string Color { getset; }
 
        //要求不序列化Speed属性
        [XmlIgnore]
        public int Speed { getset; }
 
        //设置Saying属性序列化为Xml子元素
        [XmlElement("saying")]
        public string Saying { getset; }
    }
}

namespace UseXmlSerialization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明一个猫咪对象
            var c = new Cat { Color = "White", Speed = 10, Saying = "White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat" };
 
            //序列化这个对象
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Cat));
 
            //将对象序列化输出到控制台
            serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, c);
 
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
 
    [XmlRoot("cat")]
    public class Cat
    {
        //定义Color属性的序列化为cat节点的属性
        [XmlAttribute("color")]
        public string Color { getset; }
 
        //要求不序列化Speed属性
        [XmlIgnore]
        public int Speed { getset; }
 
        //设置Saying属性序列化为Xml子元素
        [XmlElement("saying")]
        public string Saying { getset; }
    }
}

namespace UseXmlSerialization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明一个猫咪对象
            var c = new Cat { Color = "White", Speed = 10, Saying = "White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat" };
 
            //序列化这个对象
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Cat));
 
            //将对象序列化输出到控制台
            serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, c);
 
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
 
    [XmlRoot("cat")]
    public class Cat
    {
        //定义Color属性的序列化为cat节点的属性
        [XmlAttribute("color")]
        public string Color { getset; }
 
        //要求不序列化Speed属性
        [XmlIgnore]
        public int Speed { getset; }
 
        //设置Saying属性序列化为Xml子元素
        [XmlElement("saying")]
        public string Saying { getset; }
    }
}
3)对象数组的序列化

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
 
namespace UseXmlSerialization
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //声明一个猫咪对象
            var cWhite = new Cat { Color = "White", Speed = 10, Saying = "White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat" };
            var cBlack = new Cat { Color = "Black", Speed = 10, Saying = "White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good cat" };
 
            CatCollection cc = new CatCollection { Cats = new Cat[] { cWhite,cBlack} };
 
            //序列化这个对象
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(CatCollection));
 
            //将对象序列化输出到控制台
            serializer.Serialize(Console.Out, cc);
 
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
 
    [XmlRoot("cats")]
    public class CatCollection
    {
        [XmlArray("items"),XmlArrayItem("item")]
        public Cat[] Cats { getset; }
    }
 
    [XmlRoot("cat")]
    public class Cat
    {
        //定义Color属性的序列化为cat节点的属性
        [XmlAttribute("color")]
        public string Color { getset; }
 
        //要求不序列化Speed属性
        [XmlIgnore]
        public int Speed { getset; }
 
        //设置Saying属性序列化为Xml子元素
        [XmlElement("saying")]
        public string Saying { getset; }
    }
}

控制台输出结果:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<cats xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://ww
w.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <items>
    <item color="White">
      <saying>White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good
cat</saying>
    </item>
    <item color="Black">
      <saying>White or black,  so long as the cat can catch mice,  it is a good
cat</saying>
    </item>
  </items>
</cats>


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