目录
pip3 安装包时异常
error: externally-managed-environment
× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
install.
If you wish to install a non-brew-packaged Python package,
create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip.
If you wish to install a non-brew packaged Python application,
it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
这个错误信息表示当前Python环境是由系统外部管理的,系统会强烈建议不要直接使用pip
来安装包,以避免与系统包管理器的潜在冲突。
Mac系统下如何解决该问题呢?
只需要删除【EXTERNALLY-MANAGED】这个文件即可,删除前记得先备份哦~!~。
在Mac系统里,这个文件藏在这里:
/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.12
/3
.12.3
/Frameworks/Python
.framework
/Versions/3
.12
/lib/python3.12
重要提示:通过Homebrew安装的python3才会是这个目录哦~~。
pip3国内源切换
在国内使用官方下载依赖往往速度慢,易出错,因此我们选择使用国内镜像源,根据需求或喜好选择下列命令中的一条:
# 更换阿里源
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple# 更换清华源
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple# 更换腾讯源
pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple# 更换豆瓣源
pip config set global.index-url http://pypi.douban.com/simple/# 更换中科大源
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple
切换完成之后执行如下命令查验:
pip3 config list