| Time Limit: 2000MS | Memory Limit: 65536KB | 64bit IO Format: %I64d & %I64u |
Description
There is an apple tree outside of kaka's house. Every autumn, a lot of apples will grow in the tree. Kaka likes apple very much, so he has been carefully nurturing the big apple tree.
The tree has N forks which are connected by branches. Kaka numbers the forks by 1 to N and the root is always numbered by 1. Apples will grow on the forks and two apple won't grow on the same fork. kaka wants to know how many apples are there in a sub-tree, for his study of the produce ability of the apple tree.
The trouble is that a new apple may grow on an empty fork some time and kaka may pick an apple from the tree for his dessert. Can you help kaka?
Input
The first line contains an integer N (N ≤ 100,000) , which is the number of the forks in the tree.
The following N - 1 lines each contain two integers u and v, which means fork u and fork v are connected by a branch.
The next line contains an integer M (M ≤ 100,000).
The following M lines each contain a message which is either
"C x" which means the existence of the apple on fork x has been changed. i.e. if there is an apple on the fork, then Kaka pick it; otherwise a new apple has grown on the empty fork.
or
"Q x" which means an inquiry for the number of apples in the sub-tree above the fork x, including the apple (if exists) on the fork x
Note the tree is full of apples at the beginning
Output
Sample Input
3 1 2 1 3 3 Q 1 C 2 Q 1
Sample Output
3 2
本文描述了一道关于苹果树管理的算法题目,涉及到的数据结构包括树状结构,并且需要实现查询和更新操作来统计子树中苹果的数量。初始时树上的每个节点都有一颗苹果,随着苹果被摘取或新苹果长出,需要实时更新数量。
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