go里面报错sql: expected 0 arguments, got 1 问题的解决

本文深入探讨使用Golang操作PostgreSQL和Oracle数据库时的常见陷阱,特别是在SQL参数化方面的差异,以及如何避免这些陷阱。

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之前搞java比较多,用go也是用gorm,xorm这些orm框架,直接拿着sql.db对象去操作数据库比较少,一不小心就掉进一个小坑里面去了,golang操作postgres数据库可以用lib/pg驱动,写查询条件参数的时候例如

select  a from b where c=?

这么写在java里面是没有问题,但是在golang里面不行,会报无效字符,针对postgres数据库写条件参数需要用$1,$2这样的,正确的写法是:

select a from b where c=$1

但是。。。。换到oracle数据库的话,这么写就又不行了,针对oracle如果用?的话会提示:

sql: expected 0 arguments, got 1

针对oracle的正确写法是

select a from b where c=:param1

就是冒号:加参数名称这样的

我靠,用框架的话真不知道还有这些坑啊!

另外虽然说是golang支持变参传递,但是有参数的SQL和无参数的SQL调用的查询方法也得分开,例如

sql:="select * from table1"

args:=nil

如果用db.Query(sql,args) 就不行,必须用db.Query(sql),否则也会报expected 0 arguments,got 1这个错误。

 

 

2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using reactor: twisted.internet.selectreactor.SelectReactor 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 94478ec1879f1a75 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions: ['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats', 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole', 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats', 'scrapy.extensions.throttle.AutoThrottle'] 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares: ['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats', 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware'] 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares: ['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware', 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware'] 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines: ['nepu_spider.pipelines.ContentCleanPipeline', 'nepu_spider.pipelines.DeduplicatePipeline', 'nepu_spider.pipelines.SQLServerPipeline'] 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [nepu_spider.pipelines] INFO: ✅ 数据库表 'knowledge_base' 已创建或已存在 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [nepu_info] INFO: ✅ 成功连接到 SQL Server 数据库 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min) 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.extensions.httpcache] DEBUG: Using filesystem cache storage in C:\Users\Lenovo\nepu_qa_project\.scrapy\httpcache 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [nepu_info] INFO: 🚀 开始爬取东北石油大学官网... 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [nepu_info] INFO: 初始URL数量: 4 2025-07-06 22:15:17 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (302) to <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/robots.txt> from <GET http://www.nepu.edu.cn/robots.txt> 2025-07-06 22:15:24 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (404) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/robots.txt> (referer: None) 2025-07-06 22:15:24 [protego] DEBUG: Rule at line 12 without any user agent to enforce it on. 2025-07-06 22:15:24 [protego] DEBUG: Rule at line 13 without any user agent to enforce it on. 2025-07-06 22:15:24 [protego] DEBUG: Rule at line 14 without any user agent to enforce it on. 2025-07-06 22:15:24 [protego] DEBUG: Rule at line 15 without any user agent to enforce it on. 2025-07-06 22:15:24 [protego] DEBUG: Rule at line 16 without any user agent to enforce it on. 2025-07-06 22:15:28 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (302) to <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/index.htm> from <GET http://www.nepu.edu.cn/> 2025-07-06 22:15:34 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (302) to <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/tzgg.htm> from <GET http://www.nepu.edu.cn/tzgg.htm> 2025-07-06 22:15:38 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (302) to <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/xwzx.htm> from <GET http://www.nepu.edu.cn/xwzx.htm> 2025-07-06 22:15:45 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect] DEBUG: Redirecting (302) to <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/xxgk.htm> from <GET http://www.nepu.edu.cn/xxgk.htm> 2025-07-06 22:15:51 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/index.htm> (referer: None) 2025-07-06 22:15:51 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite] DEBUG: Filtered offsite request to 'www.gov.cn': <GET https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2001/content_61066.htm> 2025-07-06 22:15:59 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/tzgg.htm> (referer: None) 2025-07-06 22:16:01 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (404) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/xwzx.htm> (referer: None) 2025-07-06 22:16:01 [nepu_info] ERROR: 请求失败: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/xwzx.htm | 状态: 404 | 错误: Ignoring non-200 response 2025-07-06 22:16:03 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (404) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/xxgk.htm> (referer: None) 2025-07-06 22:16:03 [nepu_info] ERROR: 请求失败: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/xxgk.htm | 状态: 404 | 错误: Ignoring non-200 response 2025-07-06 22:16:05 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1049/28877.htm> (referer: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/index.htm) 2025-07-06 22:16:05 [nepu_info] ERROR: ❌ 解析失败: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1049/28877.htm | 错误: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Lenovo\nepu_qa_project\nepu_spider\spiders\info_spider.py", line 148, in parse_item date_text = response.css(selector).get() ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\response\text.py", line 147, in css return self.selector.css(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 282, in css return self.xpath(self._css2xpath(query)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 285, in _css2xpath return self._csstranslator.css_to_xpath(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\csstranslator.py", line 107, in css_to_xpath return super(HTMLTranslator, self).css_to_xpath(css, prefix) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\xpath.py", line 192, in css_to_xpath for selector in parse(css)) ^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 415, in parse return list(parse_selector_group(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 428, in parse_selector_group yield Selector(*parse_selector(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 436, in parse_selector result, pseudo_element = parse_simple_selector(stream) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 544, in parse_simple_selector raise SelectorSyntaxError( cssselect.parser.SelectorSyntaxError: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> 2025-07-06 22:16:05 [scrapy.dupefilters] DEBUG: Filtered duplicate request: <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1049/28867.htm> - no more duplicates will be shown (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates) 2025-07-06 22:16:05 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1313/16817.htm> (referer: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/index.htm) 2025-07-06 22:16:05 [nepu_info] ERROR: ❌ 解析失败: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1313/16817.htm | 错误: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Lenovo\nepu_qa_project\nepu_spider\spiders\info_spider.py", line 148, in parse_item date_text = response.css(selector).get() ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\response\text.py", line 147, in css return self.selector.css(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 282, in css return self.xpath(self._css2xpath(query)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 285, in _css2xpath return self._csstranslator.css_to_xpath(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\csstranslator.py", line 107, in css_to_xpath return super(HTMLTranslator, self).css_to_xpath(css, prefix) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\xpath.py", line 192, in css_to_xpath for selector in parse(css)) ^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 415, in parse return list(parse_selector_group(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 428, in parse_selector_group yield Selector(*parse_selector(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 436, in parse_selector result, pseudo_element = parse_simple_selector(stream) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 544, in parse_simple_selector raise SelectorSyntaxError( cssselect.parser.SelectorSyntaxError: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> 2025-07-06 22:16:06 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1313/17517.htm> (referer: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/index.htm) 2025-07-06 22:16:06 [nepu_info] ERROR: ❌ 解析失败: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1313/17517.htm | 错误: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Lenovo\nepu_qa_project\nepu_spider\spiders\info_spider.py", line 148, in parse_item date_text = response.css(selector).get() ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\response\text.py", line 147, in css return self.selector.css(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 282, in css return self.xpath(self._css2xpath(query)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 285, in _css2xpath return self._csstranslator.css_to_xpath(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\csstranslator.py", line 107, in css_to_xpath return super(HTMLTranslator, self).css_to_xpath(css, prefix) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\xpath.py", line 192, in css_to_xpath for selector in parse(css)) ^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 415, in parse return list(parse_selector_group(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 428, in parse_selector_group yield Selector(*parse_selector(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 436, in parse_selector result, pseudo_element = parse_simple_selector(stream) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 544, in parse_simple_selector raise SelectorSyntaxError( cssselect.parser.SelectorSyntaxError: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> 2025-07-06 22:16:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1313/19127.htm> (referer: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/index.htm) 2025-07-06 22:16:07 [nepu_info] ERROR: ❌ 解析失败: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1313/19127.htm | 错误: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> Traceback (most recent call last): ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 544, in parse_simple_selector raise SelectorSyntaxError( cssselect.parser.SelectorSyntaxError: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1049/28867.htm> (referer: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/index.htm) 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [nepu_info] ERROR: ❌ 解析失败: https://www.nepu.edu.cn/info/1049/28867.htm | 错误: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\Lenovo\nepu_qa_project\nepu_spider\spiders\info_spider.py", line 148, in parse_item date_text = response.css(selector).get() ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\scrapy\http\response\text.py", line 147, in css return self.selector.css(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 282, in css return self.xpath(self._css2xpath(query)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\selector.py", line 285, in _css2xpath return self._csstranslator.css_to_xpath(query) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\parsel\csstranslator.py", line 107, in css_to_xpath return super(HTMLTranslator, self).css_to_xpath(css, prefix) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\xpath.py", line 192, in css_to_xpath for selector in parse(css)) ^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 415, in parse return list(parse_selector_group(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 428, in parse_selector_group yield Selector(*parse_selector(stream)) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 436, in parse_selector result, pseudo_element = parse_simple_selector(stream) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\cssselect\parser.py", line 544, in parse_simple_selector raise SelectorSyntaxError( cssselect.parser.SelectorSyntaxError: Expected selector, got <DELIM '/' at 0> 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished) 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [nepu_info] INFO: ✅ 数据库连接已关闭 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [nepu_info] INFO: 🛑 爬虫结束,原因: finished 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [nepu_info] INFO: 总计爬取页面: 86 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [scrapy.utils.signal] ERROR: Error caught on signal handler: <function Spider.close at 0x000001FF77BA2C00> Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\defer.py", line 312, in maybeDeferred_coro result = f(*args, **kw) File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\pydispatch\robustapply.py", line 55, in robustApply return receiver(*arguments, **named) File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\site-packages\scrapy\spiders\__init__.py", line 92, in close return closed(reason) File "C:\Users\Lenovo\nepu_qa_project\nepu_spider\spiders\info_spider.py", line 323, in closed json.dump(stats, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2) File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\json\__init__.py", line 179, in dump for chunk in iterable: File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\json\encoder.py", line 432, in _iterencode yield from _iterencode_dict(o, _current_indent_level) File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\json\encoder.py", line 406, in _iterencode_dict yield from chunks File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\json\encoder.py", line 406, in _iterencode_dict yield from chunks File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\json\encoder.py", line 439, in _iterencode o = _default(o) File "D:\annaCONDA\Lib\json\encoder.py", line 180, in default raise TypeError(f'Object of type {o.__class__.__name__} ' TypeError: Object of type SettingsAttribute is not JSON serializable 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats: {'downloader/request_bytes': 35146, 'downloader/request_count': 96, 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 96, 'downloader/response_bytes': 729404, 'downloader/response_count': 96, 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 88, 'downloader/response_status_count/302': 5, 'downloader/response_status_count/404': 3, 'dupefilter/filtered': 184, 'elapsed_time_seconds': 101.133916, 'finish_reason': 'finished', 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2025, 7, 6, 14, 16, 58, 758524), 'httpcache/firsthand': 96, 'httpcache/miss': 96, 'httpcache/store': 96, 'httpcompression/response_bytes': 2168438, 'httpcompression/response_count': 88, 'log_count/DEBUG': 120, 'log_count/ERROR': 89, 'log_count/INFO': 18, 'log_count/WARNING': 1, 'offsite/domains': 2, 'offsite/filtered': 4, 'request_depth_max': 3, 'response_received_count': 91, 'robotstxt/request_count': 1, 'robotstxt/response_count': 1, 'robotstxt/response_status_count/404': 1, 'scheduler/dequeued': 94, 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 94, 'scheduler/enqueued': 94, 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 94, 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2025, 7, 6, 14, 15, 17, 624608)} 2025-07-06 22:16:58 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
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07-07
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