Implement strStr().
Return the index of the first occurrence of needle in haystack, or -1 if needle is not part of haystack.
Example 1:
Input: haystack = "hello", needle = "ll" Output: 2
Example 2:
Input: haystack = "aaaaa", needle = "bba" Output: -1
Clarification:
What should we return when needle
is an empty string? This is a great question to ask during an interview.
For the purpose of this problem, we will return 0 when needle
is an empty string. This is consistent to C's strstr() and Java's indexOf().
思路1
采用两层循环暴力求解,逐个比较haystack[i]的每个字符和needle[0],如果对应的字符不相等,则跳过。
继续比较haystack[i+1],如果对应的字符相等,则继续比较haystack[i+1]和needle[1],一直比较到needle的最后一个节点,如果needle[j]中的j等于needle的长度,说明找到了一个答案,直接返回i。如果外层遍历完还是没找到,则返回-1。
实现1:
class Solution {
public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
if(needle.isEmpty()) return 0;
int m=haystack.length();
int n=needle.length();
if(n>m) return -1;
for(int i=0;i<=m-n;i++){
int j=0;
for(;j<n;j++){
if(haystack.charAt(i+j)!=needle.charAt(j)){
break;
}
}
if(j==n){
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
}
实现2:
1.当needle遍历到末尾,且每个字符都和haystack子串字符相同时,代表找到匹配的串。
2.在needle遍历过程中,当存在与haystack子串不同的字符时,需要重新获取haystack的子串进行匹配判断。
3.当haystack和needle恰好同时遍历到末尾时,还未找到匹配的串,则不存在匹配的串。
class Solution {
public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
for(int i=0; ;i++){
for(int j=0; ;j++){
if(j==needle.length()) return i;
if(i+j==haystack.length()) return -1;
if(needle.charAt(j)!=haystack.charAt(i+j)) break;
}
}
}
}
思路2:KMP算法
class Solution {
public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
if(needle.isEmpty()) return 0;
int i=-1,j=-1;
int m=haystack.length();
int n=needle.length();
int[] next=getNext(needle);
while(i<m&&j<n){
if(j==-1||(haystack.charAt(i)==needle.charAt(j))){
i++;
j++;
}else{
j=next[j];
}
}
if(j>n-1){
return i-j;
}
return -1;
}
private int[] getNext(String str){
int[] next=new int[str.length()];
int i=0,j=-1;
next[0]=-1;
while(i<str.length()-1){
if(j==-1||str.charAt(i)==str.charAt(j)){
i++;
j++;
next[i]=j;
}else{
j=next[j];
}
}
return next;
}
}