SSM 框架整合_javaweb,sqlmapconfig连接时长-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/oneby1314/article/details/115430794

本文详细介绍了如何在IntelliJ IDEA中整合Spring、SpringMVC和Mybatis，从创建数据库表、搭建Maven工程、编写实体类、Mapper接口和XML映射文件，到实现Service和Controller，再到配置各种配置文件如Spring、SpringMVC、Mybatis、日志和Web。此外，还展示了如何通过Spring管理SqlSessionFactory和事务，简化Service层代码，以及最终的代码测试流程。

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SSM 框架整合

1、参考资料

2020年IDEA版黑马Java就业班-进阶篇(Mybatis、Spring、SpringMVC、Maven、springboot和项目等等

项目地址：Oneby / ssm-integration

2、原始方式整合

1、创建数据库表

创建 t_account 账户表，name 字段为账户名称，money 字段为账户金额

向其中插入两条测试数据

2、创建 Maven 工程

Maven 工程结构如下，注意 Maven 工程的打包方式为 war 包：<packaging>war</packaging>

导入 Spring、SpringMVC、Mybatis 相关依赖

<dependencies>

    <!-- Spring 相关 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- SpringMVC 相关 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Servlet 和 jsp -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Mybatis 相关 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
        <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 单元测试相关 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

3、编写实体类

创建 Account 实体类，其字段与数据库字段一一对应

/**
 * @ClassName Account
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/2 22:46
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class Account {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Double money;

4、编写 AccountMapper 映射接口和 AccountMapper.xml 映射文件

创建 AccountMapper 映射接口：save() 方法用于保存账户信息；findAll() 方法用于查询所有账户信息

/**
 * @InterfaceName AccountMapper
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/2 22:46
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public interface AccountMapper {

    public void save(Account account);

    public List<Account> findAll();

}

在 AccountMapper.xml 映射文件中实现上面两个方法，注：我在 Mybatis 配置文件中将 com.oneby.domain.Account 类的别名设置成了 account，因此这里的 parameterType 和 resultType 可以写成 account

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.oneby.mapper.AccountMapper">

    <insert id="save" parameterType="account">
        insert into t_account values(#{id},#{name},#{money})
    </insert>

    <select id="findAll" resultType="account">
        select * from t_account
    </select>

</mapper>

5、编写 AccountService 接口和 AccountServiceImpl 实现类

在编写 Service 代码之前，我们需要先编写一个工具类 MyBatisUtils：负责读取 Mybatis 的 sqlMapConfig.xml 配置文件信息，并返回一个 SqlSession 数据库连接实例

/**
 * @ClassName MyBatisUtils
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/3 18:18
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class MyBatisUtils {
    public static SqlSession openSession() {
        InputStream resourceAsStream = null;
        try {
            resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("sqlMapConfig.xml");
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
            return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

创建 AccountService 接口：save() 方法用于保存账户信息；findAll() 方法用于查询所有账户信息

/**
 * @ClassName AccountService
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/2 22:43
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public interface AccountService {

    public void save(Account account);

    public List<Account> findAll();

}

创建 AccountServiceImpl 实现类：在每个方法中，我们通过 MyBatisUtils.openSession() 方法获取 SqlSession 实例；再通过 sqlSession.getMapper(AccountMapper.class) 方法获取 AccountMapper 对象；执行相应的数据库操作后，关闭数据库连接 sqlSession.close()

/**
 * @ClassName AccountServiceImpl
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/2 22:43
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    public void save(Account account) {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.openSession();
        AccountMapper accountMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountMapper.class);
        accountMapper.save(account);
        sqlSession.commit();
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    public List<Account> findAll() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.openSession();
        AccountMapper accountMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountMapper.class);
        List<Account> all = accountMapper.findAll();
        sqlSession.close();
        return all;
    }
    
}

7、编写 AccountController

创建 AccountController 控制器：负责接收请求、执行业务逻辑、跳转页面

/**
 * @ClassName AccountController
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/2 22:46
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    //保存
    @RequestMapping(value = "/save", produces = "text/html;charset=UTF-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String save(Account account) {
        accountService.save(account);
        return "保存成功";
    }

    //查询
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public ModelAndView findAll() {
        List<Account> accountList = accountService.findAll();
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("accountList", accountList);
        modelAndView.setViewName("accountList");
        return modelAndView;
    }

}

8、编写显示页面

save.jsp 页面：负责收集账户信息，并提交给 AccountController 控制器

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加账户信息表单</h1>
<form name="accountForm" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/account/save" method="post">
    账户名称:<input type="text" name="name"><br>
    账户金额:<input type="text" name="money"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="保存"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

accountList.jsp：负责展示所有的账户信息

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>展示账户数据列表</h1>
    <table border="1">
        <tr>
            <th>账户id</th>
            <th>账户名称</th>
            <th>账户金额</th>
        </tr>

        <c:forEach items="${accountList}" var="account">
            <tr>
                <td>${account.id}</td>
                <td>${account.name}</td>
                <td>${account.money}</td>
            </tr>
        </c:forEach>

    </table>
</body>
</html>

9、编写相应的配置文件

applicationContext.xml：Spring 配置文件

Spring 的容器负责扫描 Service 组件，Controller 组件交给 SpringMVC 扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation=
               "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--组件扫描：扫描service和mapper-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.oneby">
        <!--排除controller的扫描-->
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
                                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

</beans>

log4j.properties：日志配置文件

#
# Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
#
# License: GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), version 2.1 or later.
# See the lgpl.txt file in the root directory or <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html>.
#

### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.err
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n

### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###

log4j.rootLogger=all, stdout

spring-mvc.xml：SpringMVC 配置文件

SpringMVC 需要扫描 Controller 组件；配置视图解析器（视图的前缀和后缀）；并开放对静态资源的访问

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation=
               "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--组件扫描  主要扫描controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.oneby.controller"/>

    <!--配置mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--内部资源视图解析器-->
    <bean id="resourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--开发静态资源访问权限-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

</beans>

jdbc.properties：数据库配置文件

数据库连接信息

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

sqlMapConfig.xml：Mybatis 配置文件

Mybatis 需要配置数据库连接信息，以获取数据员，并加载 Mapper 对象

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <!--加载properties文件-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--定义别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <!--<typeAlias type="com.oneby.domain.Account" alias="account"></typeAlias>-->
        <!--使用包扫描配置别名：默认为类名首字母小写-->
        <package name="com.oneby.domain"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <!--数据库环境-->
    <environments default="developement">
        <environment id="developement">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <!--加载映射-->
    <mappers>
        <!--<mapper resource="com/oneby/mapper/AccountMapper.xml"></mapper>-->
        <package name="com.oneby.mapper"/>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

web.xml：Web 环境配置文件

配置 Spring 监听器：在 Web 环境启动时就加载 Spring 配置文件，并初始化好 Spring IOC 容器

配置 SpringMVC 前端控制器：负责转发请求到指定控制器

配置 Servlet 乱码过滤器：编码格式为 UTF-8

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--spring 监听器-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--springmvc的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--乱码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
</web-app>

10、代码测试

访问 http://localhost:8080/account/findAll 查询所有账户信息

访问 http://localhost:8080/save.jsp 保存账户信息

3、Spring 整合 Mybatis

0、整合思路

存在的问题：我们来看一看之前的 Service 层代码，在 AccountServiceImpl 中的每个方法中，除了业务逻辑不一样之外，其余操作均可提取取出，比如：通过 MyBatisUtils.openSession() 方法获取 SqlSession 实例；通过 sqlSession.getMapper(AccountMapper.class) 方法获取 AccountMapper 对象；关闭数据库连接 sqlSession.close() 等操作。

/**
 * @ClassName AccountServiceImpl
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/2 22:43
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    public void save(Account account) {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.openSession();
        AccountMapper accountMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountMapper.class);
        accountMapper.save(account);
        sqlSession.commit();
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    public List<Account> findAll() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.openSession();
        AccountMapper accountMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountMapper.class);
        List<Account> all = accountMapper.findAll();
        sqlSession.close();
        return all;
    }
    
}

那么我们能不能把这些通用操作抽取出来呢？答案是可以的，我们需要让 Spring IOC 容器接管 SqlSessionFactory 对象，通过 SqlSessionFactory 对象来控制数据源 DataSource，利用 DataSource 来为我们生成 Mapper 对象，并进行声明式事物的管理

1、Mybatis 配置文件的修改

删除之前的 sqlMapConfig.xml 配置文件，创建 sqlMapConfig-spring.xml 配置文件，Mybatis 无需再进行数据源的控制，因此只需要在 Mybatis 的配置文件中配置别名即可

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <!--定义别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <!--<typeAlias type="com.oneby.domain.Account" alias="account"></typeAlias>-->
        <package name="com.oneby.domain"/>
    </typeAliases>

</configuration>

2、Spring 配置文件的修改

1、配置数据库连接池 DataSource

数据库连接完全交由 Spring 管理

<!--加载propeties文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

<!--配置数据源信息-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
    <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
    <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>

2、将 SqlSessionFactory 配置到 Spring 容器中

sqlSessionFactory 对象也交由 Spring 管理，并通过 <property> 标签指定数据库连接池和 Mybatis 配置文件的路径

<!--配置sessionFactory-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    <!--加载mybatis核心文件-->
    <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:sqlMapConfig-spring.xml"/>
</bean>

3、扫描 Mapper，让 Spring 容器产生 Mapper 接口的实现类

Mapper 对象也交由 Spring 管理

<!--扫描mapper所在的包 为mapper创建实现类-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
    <property name="basePackage" value="com.oneby.mapper"/>
</bean>

4、配置声明式事务控制

配置事务管理器和 XML 声明式事务

<!--声明式事务控制-->
<!--平台事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

<!--配置事务增强-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice">
    <tx:attributes>
        <tx:method name="*"/>
    </tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

<!--事务的aop织入-->
<aop:config>
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.oneby.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
</aop:config>

applicationContext.xml 文件的全部配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation=
               "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--组件扫描：扫描service和mapper-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.oneby">
        <!--排除controller的扫描-->
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!--加载propeties文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--配置数据源信息-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--配置sessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--加载mybatis核心文件-->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:sqlMapConfig-spring.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <!--扫描mapper所在的包 为mapper创建实现类-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.oneby.mapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!--声明式事务控制-->
    <!--平台事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置事务增强-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!--事务的aop织入-->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.oneby.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
    </aop:config>

</beans>

3、Service 代码的修改

在 AccountServiceImpl 实现类中，只需要自动注入 AccountMapper 对象即可

/**
 * @ClassName AccountServiceImpl
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Oneby
 * @Date 2021/4/2 22:43
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountMapper accountMapper;

    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
        accountMapper.save(account);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return accountMapper.findAll();
    }

}