could only be replicated to 0 nodes instead of minReplication (=1). There are 0 datanode(s) running

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博客详细记录了Hadoop集群中DataNode无法启动的问题排查过程，并提供了具体解决方案，涉及clusterID不一致导致的错误。
主机报错：
[hadoop@Master files]$ hdfs dfs -put file3.txt /input
16/11/22 19:17:45 WARN hdfs.DFSClient: DataStreamer Exception
org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(java.io.IOException): File /input/file3.txt._COPYING_ could only be replicated to 0 nodes instead of minReplication (=1). There are 0 datanode(s) running and no node(s) are excluded in this operation.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.blockmanagement.BlockManager.chooseTarget4NewBlock(BlockManager.java:1571)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.getNewBlockTargets(FSNamesystem.java:3107)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.getAdditionalBlock(FSNamesystem.java:3031)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.addBlock(NameNodeRpcServer.java:725)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.addBlock(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:492)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:616)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:982)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2049)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2045)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1698)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2043)

at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1475)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1412)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:229)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy10.addBlock(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.addBlock(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:418)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:191)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy11.addBlock(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSOutputStream$DataStreamer.locateFollowingBlock(DFSOutputStream.java:1455)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSOutputStream$DataStreamer.nextBlockOutputStream(DFSOutputStream.java:1251)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSOutputStream$DataStreamer.run(DFSOutputStream.java:448)
put: File /input/file3.txt._COPYING_ could only be replicated to 0 nodes instead of minReplication (=1). There are 0 datanode(s) running and no node(s) are excluded in this operation.
[hadoop@Master files]$

查看从机的进程，显然DataNode没有起来：
[hadoop@Slave2 current]$ jps
25695 Jps
25579 NodeManager

查看从机的Log文件：
/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-hadoop-nodemanager-Slave1.Hadoop.out

2016-11-22 16:54:25,391 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Storage: Failed to add storage directory [DIS
K]file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/hdfs/data/
java.io.IOException: Incompatible clusterIDs in /home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/hdfs/data: namenode clusterID = CID-9
f21d168-389b-4458-a33b-11077b1cdfa0; datanode clusterID = CID-9cc85f67-fd35-442c-9d75-1a76d3a182ec
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.doTransition(DataStorage.java:775)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.loadStorageDirectory(DataStorage.java:300)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.loadDataStorage(DataStorage.java:416)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.addStorageLocations(DataStorage.java:395)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:573)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initStorage(DataNode.java:1362)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initBlockPool(DataNode.java:1327)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPOfferService.verifyAndSetNamespaceInfo(BPOfferService.java:
317)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.connectToNNAndHandshake(BPServiceActor.java:22
3)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.run(BPServiceActor.java:802)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
2016-11-22 16:54:25,398 FATAL org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Initialization failed for Block
pool <registering> (Datanode Uuid unassigned) service to Master.hadoop/172.171.17.171:9000. Exiting.
java.io.IOException: All specified directories are failed to load.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:574)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initStorage(DataNode.java:1362)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initBlockPool(DataNode.java:1327)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPOfferService.verifyAndSetNamespaceInfo(BPOfferService.java:
317)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.connectToNNAndHandshake(BPServiceActor.java:22
3)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.run(BPServiceActor.java:802)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
2016-11-22 16:54:25,398 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Ending block pool service for: Bl
ock pool <registering> (Datanode Uuid unassigned) service to Master.hadoop/172.171.17.171:9000
2016-11-22 16:54:25,402 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Removed Block pool <registering>
(Datanode Uuid unassigned)
2016-11-22 16:54:27,404 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Exiting Datanode
2016-11-22 16:54:27,405 INFO org.apache.hadoop.util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
2016-11-22 16:54:27,406 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down DataNode at Slave1.Hadoop/172.171.17.172
************************************************************/

原因分析：
多次格式化后 ./bin hdfs namenode -format，导致datanode启动不了
每次格式化，name下面的VERSION的clusterID会产生一个新的ID，要去修改各个节点的VERSION的clusterID

解决方法：
用namenode下面的/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/dfs/name/current/VERSION文件里面的clusterID，修改datanode的/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/dfs/data/current/VERSION 文件里面里面的clusterID


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