本文介绍了一个简单的SpringBoot应用程序实例，包括依赖导入、控制器编写及启动类的创建过程，并概述了SpringBoot的主要特性如自动配置、Starter依赖等。
Spring Boot
1 最简单的一个SpringBoot应用程序
1.1 导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>1.2 编写控制器
package springboot.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author NikoBelic
* @create 31/01/2017 00:48
*/
@RestController
public class Hi
{
@RequestMapping("/")
String Hi()
{
return "Hello SpringBoot";
}
}
1.3 编写SpringBoot启动函数
package springboot;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
/**
* @author NikoBelic
* @create 31/01/2017 00:51
*/
@ComponentScan
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class App
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
SpringApplication.run(App.class,args);
}
}
1.4 运行结果
控制台输出中可以看到相关的默认配置
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.4.1.RELEASE)
2017-01-31 00:56:37.331 INFO 79397 --- [ main] springboot.App : Starting App on localhost with PID 79397 (/Users/lixiwei-mac/Documents/IdeaProjects/WebTemplate/target/classes started by NikoBelic in /Users/lixiwei-mac/Documents/IdeaProjects/WebTemplate)
2017-01-31 00:56:37.334 INFO 79397 --- [ main] springboot.App : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-01-31 00:56:37.485 INFO 79397 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Tue Jan 31 00:56:37 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-31 00:56:40.355 INFO 79397 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-31 00:56:40.372 INFO 79397 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service Tomcat
2017-01-31 00:56:40.373 INFO 79397 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.5
2017-01-31 00:56:40.496 INFO 79397 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2017-01-31 00:56:40.496 INFO 79397 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 3024 ms
2017-01-31 00:56:40.797 INFO 79397 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2017-01-31 00:56:40.809 INFO 79397 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-31 00:56:40.817 INFO 79397 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-31 00:56:40.818 INFO 79397 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-31 00:56:40.818 INFO 79397 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2017-01-31 00:56:41.400 INFO 79397 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@635eaaf1: startup date [Tue Jan 31 00:56:37 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-01-31 00:56:41.511 INFO 79397 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto java.lang.String springboot.controller.Hi.Hi()
2017-01-31 00:56:41.515 INFO 79397 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2017-01-31 00:56:41.516 INFO 79397 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2017-01-31 00:56:41.563 INFO 79397 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-01-31 00:56:41.564 INFO 79397 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-01-31 00:56:41.643 INFO 79397 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-01-31 00:56:41.831 INFO 79397 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-01-31 00:56:41.936 INFO 79397 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-01-31 00:56:41.948 INFO 79397 --- [ main] springboot.App : Started App in 5.572 seconds (JVM running for 6.33)
2017-01-31 00:56:48.830 INFO 79397 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2017-01-31 00:56:48.830 INFO 79397 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2017-01-31 00:56:48.848 INFO 79397 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 18 ms
Web页面
有没有一键装机的感觉？
2 SpringBoot简介
SpringBoot提供了四个主要特性
- SpringBootStarter：将常用依赖分组进行了整合。即一次性添加所需依赖到项目中。
- 自动配置：合理的推测应用所需的bean并自动配置他们。
- 命令行接口（Command-line interface，CLI）：结合自动配置进一步简化开发
- Actuator：管理特性。
2.1 Starter依赖
比如1中的示例程序，只需要导入一个starter依赖即可自动导入web应用所需的全部依赖。其他类型的starter依赖包官网有详细介绍。
2.2 自动配置
之前构建SpringMVC应用程序时，需要配置视图解析器、处理器映射器、资源处理器，而现在全部由SpringBoot自动推测所需的配置完成自动配置。我们所需要做的只是将jsp等视图放到项目中并编写Controller，SpringBoot会自动嗅探到这些模板文件从而为我们配置相应的视图解析器，并自动配置支持SpringMVC的多个bean。
2.3 SpringBoot CLI
spring run Hi.groovy
目前不知道有啥用。。
2.4 Actuator
- 管理端点
- 合理的异常处理以及默认的”/error”映射端点
- 获取应用信息的”/info”端点
- 启用SpringSecurity时会有一个审计事件框架
3 使用SpringBoot构建应用
3.1 maven配置
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.edu.ncut</groupId>
<artifactId>WebTemplate</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>WebTemplate Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<!-- 配置parent以后,我们就不需要再管理其他依赖的版本号了,版本号会从parent中继承得到-->
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!-- 包含了SpringMVC的依赖 -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据持久化 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.21</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 试图引擎 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 这个Maven插件能够生成可执行的Jar文件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.2 Model
package springboot.model;
/**
* @author NikoBelic
* @create 31/01/2017 01:30
*/
public class Contact
{
private Long id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String phoneNumber;
private String emailAddress;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getPhoneNumber() {
return phoneNumber;
}
public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
}
public String getEmailAddress() {
return emailAddress;
}
public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Contact{" +
"id=" + id +
", firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +
", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
", phoneNumber='" + phoneNumber + '\'' +
", emailAddress='" + emailAddress + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
3.3 Dao
package springboot.dao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import springboot.model.Contact;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author NikoBelic
* @create 31/01/2017 01:32
*/
@Repository
public class ContactDao
{
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public List<Contact> findAll()
{
return jdbcTemplate.query("select * from tb_contact", (rs, rowNum) -> {
Contact contact = new Contact();
contact.setId(rs.getLong(1));
contact.setFirstName(rs.getString(2));
contact.setLastName(rs.getString(3));
contact.setPhoneNumber(rs.getString(4));
contact.setEmailAddress(rs.getString(5));
return contact;
});
}
public void save(Contact contact)
{
jdbcTemplate.update("insert into tb_contact(firstName,lastName,phoneNumber,emailAddress) values(?,?,?,?)",
contact.getFirstName(), contact.getLastName(), contact.getPhoneNumber(), contact.getEmailAddress());
}
}
3.4 Controller
package springboot.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import springboot.dao.ContactDao;
import springboot.model.Contact;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author NikoBelic
* @create 31/01/2017 01:31
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/contact")
public class ContactController
{
@Autowired
private ContactDao contactDao;
/**
* 联系人主页面,Get处理/contact/,映射到home视图
* @Author NikoBelic
* @Date 31/01/2017 01:36
*/
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String home(Map<String,Object> model)
{
List<Contact> contacts = contactDao.findAll();
model.put("contacts",contacts);
return "home";
}
/**
* 添加联系人后跳转到主页
* @Author NikoBelic
* @Date 31/01/2017 01:39
*/
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String submit(Contact contact)
{
contactDao.save(contact);
return "redirect:/contact";
}
}
3.5 Thymeleaf视图
SpringBoot官方不建议使用jsp
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Spring Boot Contacts</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/style.css}" />
</head>
<body>
<h2>Spring Boot Contacts</h2>
<form method="POST">
<label for="firstName">First Name:</label>
<input type="text" name="firstName"></input><br/>
<label for="lastName">Last Name:</label>
<input type="text" name="lastName"></input><br/>
<label for="phoneNumber">Phone #:</label>
<input type="text" name="phoneNumber"></input><br/>
<label for="emailAddress">Email:</label>
<input type="text" name="emailAddress"></input><br/>
<input type="submit"></input>
</form>
<ul th:each="contact : ${contacts}">
<li>
<span th:text="${contact.firstName}">First</span>
<span th:text="${contact.lastName}">Last</span> :
<span th:text="${contact.phoneNumber}">phoneNumber</span>,
<span th:text="${contact.emailAddress}">emailAddress</span>
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
3.6 测试
3.7 目录结构
4 启动Actuator了解应用内部状况
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>添加依赖后，Get访问 /autoconfig 来查看使用自动配置时锁做出的决策；访问/beans查看应用所配置的bean等等。
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