本文介绍了如何在Android中创建一个自定义相机应用，通过调用系统相机并保存拍摄的照片到手机。开发者参考了某个博客并增加了项目特定的功能，实现了一个简单的相机界面布局，包括一个1:1比例的视图，并提供了照片的文件路径返回。
做了一个dome，内容和功能都很简单，当练练手
部分代码参考了一个博客任何自己添加了一些项目的功能，具体那个博客忘记了，不好意思。
具体就是调用系统的摄相机拍照保存到手机，以后返回相片的文件地址
效果图：
照相界面的布局文件：
<SurfaceView
android:id="@+id/surfaceView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
/>
<!-- 相对布局，放置两个按钮 -->
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/buttonLayout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:visibility="visible" >
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fra_shade_top"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:background="#000000" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fra_shade_bottom"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:background="#000000" />
<TableLayout
android:id="@+id/table1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:padding="4dip"
android:stretchColumns="*" >
<TableRow>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bnt_enter"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="确认" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/bnt_takepicture"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="拍照" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/bnt_cancel"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
android:text="取消" />
</TableRow>
</TableLayout>
</RelativeLayout>RelativeLayout是相机的遮罩（设定视图的大小，我这里是1:1正方形）
下面是照相机调用和图片保存类：
/**
*
* 自定义相机控件
*
* @author Nickey
* @date 2014.11.29
*
*/
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
private Button bntTakePic;
private Button bntEnter;
private Button bntCancel;
private SurfaceView surfaceView ;
private FrameLayout fraShadeTop;
private FrameLayout fraShadeBottom;
private Camera camera;
private Camera.Parameters parameters = null;
private WindowManager mWindowManager;
private int windowWidth ;//获取手机屏幕宽度
private int windowHight ;//获取手机屏幕高度
private String savePath = "/finger/";
private Bundle bundle = null;// 声明一个Bundle对象，用来存储数据
private int IS_TOOK = 0;//是否已经拍照 ,0为否
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
init();
getActionBar().hide();
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
private void init(){
mWindowManager = (WindowManager) getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
windowWidth = mWindowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
windowHight = mWindowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();
fraShadeTop = (FrameLayout)findViewById(R.id.fra_shade_top);
fraShadeBottom = (FrameLayout)findViewById(R.id.fra_shade_bottom);
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams topParams =(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams) fraShadeTop.getLayoutParams();
topParams.width = windowWidth;
topParams.height =(windowHight - windowWidth) / 2;
fraShadeTop.setLayoutParams(topParams);
fraShadeTop.getBackground().setAlpha(200);
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams bottomParams =(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams) fraShadeBottom.getLayoutParams();
bottomParams.width = windowWidth;
bottomParams.height =(windowHight - windowWidth) / 2;
fraShadeBottom.setLayoutParams(bottomParams);
fraShadeBottom.getBackground().setAlpha(200);
//按钮
bntTakePic = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bnt_takepicture);
bntEnter = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bnt_enter);
bntCancel = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bnt_cancel);
bntTakePic.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
bntEnter.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
bntCancel.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
bntTakePic.setOnClickListener(this);
bntEnter.setOnClickListener(this);
bntCancel.setOnClickListener(this);
//照相机预览的空间
surfaceView = (SurfaceView) this
.findViewById(R.id.surfaceView);
surfaceView.getHolder()
.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
surfaceView.getHolder().setFixedSize(150, 150); // 设置Surface分辨率
surfaceView.getHolder().setKeepScreenOn(true);// 屏幕常亮
surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(new SurfaceCallback());// 为SurfaceView的句柄添加一个回调函数
}
/**
* 三个按钮点击事件
*/
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.bnt_takepicture:
// 拍照
if (camera != null) {
camera.takePicture(null, null, new MyPictureCallback());
}
break;
case R.id.bnt_enter:
if (bundle == null) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "bundle null",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
try {
if (isHaveSDCard())
saveToSDCard(bundle.getByteArray("bytes"));
else
saveToRoot(bundle.getByteArray("bytes"));
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
finish();
}
break;
case R.id.bnt_cancel:
bntTakePic.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
bntCancel.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
bntEnter.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
if (camera != null) {
IS_TOOK = 0;
camera.startPreview();
}
break;
}
}
/**
* 检验是否有SD卡
* @true or false
*/
public static boolean isHaveSDCard() {
return Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment
.getExternalStorageState());
}
/**
* 重构照相类
* @author
*
*/
private final class MyPictureCallback implements PictureCallback {
@Override
public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
try {
bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putByteArray("bytes", data); //将图片字节数据保存在bundle当中，实现数据交换
// saveToSDCard(data); // 保存图片到sd卡中
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "success",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
bntTakePic.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
bntCancel.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
bntEnter.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
// camera.startPreview(); // 拍完照后，重新开始预览
IS_TOOK = 1;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 将拍下来的照片存放在SD卡中
* @param data
* @throws IOException
*/
public void saveToSDCard(byte[] data) throws IOException {
//剪切为正方形
Bitmap b = byteToBitmap(data);
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(b, 0, 0, windowWidth, windowWidth );
//生成文件
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); // 格式化时间
String filename = format.format(date) + ".jpg";
File fileFolder = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
+ savePath);
if (!fileFolder.exists()) { // 如果目录不存在，则创建一个名为"finger"的目录
fileFolder.mkdir();
}
File jpgFile = new File(fileFolder, filename);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(jpgFile); // 文件输出流
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
// out.close();
// outputStream.write(data); // 写入sd卡中
outputStream.close(); // 关闭输出流
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.putExtra("path",Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + savePath + filename);
setResult(1, intent);
}
/**
*
*/
public void saveToRoot(byte[] data) throws IOException {
//剪切为正方形
Bitmap b = byteToBitmap(data);
Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(b, 0, 0, windowWidth, windowWidth );
//生成文件
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); // 格式化时间
String filename = format.format(date) + ".jpg";
File fileFolder = new File(Environment.getRootDirectory()
+ savePath);
if (!fileFolder.exists()) { // 如果目录不存在，则创建一个名为"finger"的目录
fileFolder.mkdir();
}
File jpgFile = new File(fileFolder, filename);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(jpgFile); // 文件输出流
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outputStream);
outputStream.flush();
// out.close();
// outputStream.write(data); // 写入sd卡中
outputStream.close(); // 关闭输出流
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.putExtra("path",Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + savePath + filename);
setResult(1, intent);
}
/**
* 把图片byte流编程bitmap
* @param data
* @return
*/
private Bitmap byteToBitmap(byte[] data){
Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
Bitmap b = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length,options);
int i = 0;
while (true) {
if ((options.outWidth >> i <= 1000)
&& (options.outHeight >> i <= 1000)) {
options.inSampleSize = (int) Math.pow(2.0D, i);
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
b = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length,options);
break;
}
i += 1;
}
return b;
}
/**
* 重构相机照相回调类
* @author pc
*
*/
private final class SurfaceCallback implements Callback {
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
int height) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
parameters = camera.getParameters(); // 获取各项参数
parameters.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG); // 设置图片格式
parameters.setPreviewSize(width, height); // 设置预览大小
parameters.setPreviewFrameRate(5); //设置每秒显示4帧
parameters.setPictureSize(width, height); // 设置保存的图片尺寸
parameters.setJpegQuality(80); // 设置照片质量
// camera.setParameters(parameters);
}
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
camera = Camera.open(); // 打开摄像头
camera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); // 设置用于显示拍照影像的SurfaceHolder对象
camera.setDisplayOrientation(getPreviewDegree(MainActivity.this));
camera.startPreview(); // 开始预览
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (camera != null) {
camera.release(); // 释放照相机
camera = null;
}
}
}
/**
* 物理按键事件
*/
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
switch (keyCode) {
case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_CAMERA: // 按下拍照按钮
if (camera != null && event.getRepeatCount() == 0) {
// 拍照
//注：调用takePicture()方法进行拍照是传入了一个PictureCallback对象——当程序获取了拍照所得的图片数据之后
//，PictureCallback对象将会被回调，该对象可以负责对相片进行保存或传入网络
camera.takePicture(null, null, new MyPictureCallback());
}
case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK:
if (IS_TOOK == 0)
finish();
else{
// camera.startPreview();
bntCancel.performClick();
return false;
}
break;
}
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
// 提供一个静态方法，用于根据手机方向获得相机预览画面旋转的角度
public static int getPreviewDegree(Activity activity) {
// 获得手机的方向
int rotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay()
.getRotation();
int degree = 0;
// 根据手机的方向计算相机预览画面应该选择的角度
switch (rotation) {
case Surface.ROTATION_0:
degree = 90;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_90:
degree = 0;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_180:
degree = 270;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_270:
degree = 180;
break;
}
return degree;
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
/**
* 通过文件地址获取文件的bitmap
* @param path
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static Bitmap getBitmapByPath(String path) throws IOException {
BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
new File(path)));
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in, null, options);
in.close();
int i = 0;
Bitmap bitmap = null;
while (true) {
if ((options.outWidth >> i <= 1000)
&& (options.outHeight >> i <= 1000)) {
in = new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream(new File(path)));
options.inSampleSize = (int) Math.pow(2.0D, i);
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in, null, options);
break;
}
i += 1;
}
return bitmap;
}
}
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