C++ pair的定义及使用

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-02 08:45:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-02 08:45:00 发布

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声明为pair类型的变量可以有三种赋值方法：

1. 通过初始化赋值 直接声明的时候 后面加括号并且数据，如下a
2. 通过.first  .second 来赋值 如下b
3. 通过 = make_pair() 来赋值， 如下c

  a. pair <string,double> product1 ("tomatoes",3.25);
  pair <string,double> product2;
  pair <string,double> product3;

　b.  product2.first = "lightbulbs"; // type of first is string 
　　　 product2.second = 0.99; // type of second is double


　c. product3 = make_pair ("shoes",20.0);


template <class T1, class T2> struct pair;

Pair of values

This class couples together a pair of values, which may be of different types (T1 and T2). The individual values can be accessed through the public members first and second.

The class is defined as:

template <class T1, class T2> struct pair
{
  typedef T1 first_type;
  typedef T2 second_type;

  T1 first;
  T2 second;
  pair() : first(T1()), second(T2()) {}
  pair(const T1& x, const T2& y) : first(x), second(y) {}
  template <class U, class V>
    pair (const pair<U,V> &p) : first(p.first), second(p.second) { }
}

Members

first_type, second_type

Alises of template parameters T1 and T2 respectively.

first, second

Data members containing the first and second values stored in the pair.

pair()

Constructs a pair object with each of its members first and second constructed with their respective default constructors.

pair(const T1& x, const T2& y)

Constructs a pair object with its members first and second initialized to x and y, respectively.

template <class U, class V> pair (const pair<U,V> &p)

Constructs a pair object with its members first and second initialized to the corresponding elements in p, which must be of any couple of implicitly-convertible types (including the same types).

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main () {
  pair <string,double> product1 ("tomatoes",3.25);
  pair <string,double> product2;
  pair <string,double> product3;

  product2.first = "lightbulbs";     // type of first is string
  product2.second = 0.99;            // type of second is double

  product3 = make_pair ("shoes",20.0);

  cout << "The price of " << product1.first << " is $" << product1.second << "\n";
  cout << "The price of " << product2.first << " is $" << product2.second << "\n";
  cout << "The price of " << product3.first << " is $" << product3.second << "\n";
  return 0;
}

Output:


The price of tomatoes is $3.25
The price of lightbulbs is $0.99
The price of shoes is $20