python在nginx和apache反向代理、负载均衡的配置解析

在配置nginx作为反向代理和负载均衡，同时配置python脚本接收文件上传参数的情况下，可以在nginx.conf文件新增一个server。具体操作和步骤如下

一，配置nginx作为反向代理和负载均衡

参考 nginx反向代理、负载均衡、限流配置详解；搭配apache或tomcat环境搭建详解-优快云博客

二，配置python flask 应用以接收上传文件参数

nginx配置示例

假设有多个需要运行Python Flask应用的后端服务器，可以在nginx这样配置

http {
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
 
    server {
        listen 80;
 
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }
    }
}

Python Flask 应用示例

Python Flask应用可以使用Flask和requests库来处理上传文件和转发请求：

from flask import Flask, request, redirect, url_for
from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
import requests
 
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = '/path/to/the/uploads'
app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 16 * 1024 * 1024
 
@app.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload_file():
    if 'file' not in request.files:
        return redirect(request.url)
 
    file = request.files['file']
    if file.filename == '':
        return redirect(request.url)
 
    if file:
        filename = secure_filename(file.filename)
        file.save(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename))
 
        # Forward the file to the backend
        url = "http://backend-service-url"
        files = {'file': (filename, open(os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename), 'rb'), 'application/octet-stream')}
        response = requests.post(url, files=files)
 
        return response.text
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)

在这个Python Flask应用中，它会接收文件上传，保存到指定目录，并转发文件到后端服务。确保后端服务URL是可以处理文件上传的内部服务地址。

以上代码仅为示例，请根据实际环境和需求进行相应的调整。

三，配置同时使用如php，python，ruby等应用开发程序

nginx.conf文件

在其他应用upstream后添加 

#代理转发地址 py
     upstream py{   
            server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=5;
            #server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=5; #若存在多个服务器使用py应用程序 自行填写

            keepalive 16;
     }

在文件末尾解开include server/* 注释

include servers/*;

在vhost.conf文件

添加

#py 模块
server {

    listen   80;

    root /root/www/py;

    index index.py index.html;

    server_name local.py.com;

    location / {

        if (!-e $request_filename) {

            rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.py/$1 last;

        }

    }

  

    location ~ /index\.py {

        proxy_pass_header Server;

        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;

        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

        proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;

        proxy_pass http://py;

    }

}

文件目录地址自行修改

四，修改hosts

一般位置在/etc 使用命令如下

sudo vim hosts

在文件中添加

127.0.0.1       local.py.com

命令刷新生效

sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder

五，在apache配置文件中添加

httpd.conf

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
 
<VirtualHost *:8080>
    ServerName example.com
    DocumentRoot /path/to/your/python/app
 
    WSGIDaemonProcess myapp python-path=/path/to/your/python/app
    WSGIProcessGroup myapp
 
    WSGIScriptAlias / /path/to/your/python/app/wsgi.py
 
    <Directory /path/to/your/python/app>
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
 
    # 静态文件目录
    Alias /static/ /path/to/your/python/app/static/
    <Directory /path/to/your/python/app/static>
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

注，可以根据实际情况选择使用wsgi 或者 uwsgi 

两者区别和用法可参考

nginx反向代理、负载均衡、限流配置详解；搭配apache或tomcat环境搭建详解-优快云博客

fcgi 、 wsgi 、 uwsgi 区别用法

httpd-vhost.conf

#py
<VirtualHost *:8080>
    ServerName local.py.com:8080
    DocumentRoot "/Users/your_addr/www/py"
    <Directory "/Users/your_addr/www/py">
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

重启nginx和apache 后即可

六、java同上原理

http {
    upstream java_api {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
 
    server {
        listen 80;
 
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://java_api;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }
    }
}

步骤同python

其他参数配置参考

nginx反向代理、负载均衡、限流配置详解；搭配apache或tomcat环境搭建详解-优快云博客