Java实现Mysql数据库备份与还原（Linux 和Windows 包含单张表备份）

#1.首先需要本地安装mysql
#2.其次配置好mysql 环境变量

#3.Copy代码测试

package com.ccit.svs.controller.infoSystem;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

/**
 * 数据库备份与还原
 * @author ccit
 *
 */
@Slf4j
public class DbOperate {
	
	/**
	 * 用户名
	 */
	private static String root = "root";
	
	/**
	 * 密码
	 */
	private static String pwd = "root";
	
	/**
	 * 数据库名字
	 */
	private static String dbName = "sss";
	
	/**
	 * 备份路径
	 */
	private static String backPath = "D:\\";
//	private static String backPath = "/home/";
	
	/**
	 * 恢复路径
	 */
	private static String filePath = "D:\\back.sql";
//	private static String filePath = "/home/back.sql";
	
	/**
	 * ip
	 * @param args
	 */
	private static String ip = "127.0.0.1";
	
	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//1.本地需安装mysql
		//2.配置mysql 环境变量
//			dbBackUp();  备份方法
		dbRestore();//还原方法   还原时  需要提前创建了数据库
	}
	
	
	/**
     * 备份数据库db
     */
    public static void dbBackUp() throws Exception {
		Date date = new Date();
    	SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("YYYY-MM-dd-HH-mm-sss");
    	String backName = dateFormat.format(date)+".sql";
    	String pathSql = "";
    	//输出流文件
        File fileSql = new File(pathSql);
    	try {
	    	//判断系统
		    String osName = System.getProperties().getProperty("os.name");
		    if (osName.equals("Linux")) {
		    	 pathSql = LbackPath+backName;
		    } else {
		    	 pathSql = WbackPath+backName;
		    	
		    }
	    	
		  //输出流文件
		    fileSql = new File(pathSql);
	        //创建备份sql文件
	        if (!fileSql.exists()){
					fileSql.createNewFile();
	        }
		    
	        //mysqldump -hlocalhost -uroot -p123456 db > /home/back.sql  整个库进行备份sql文件
	        //mysqldump -hlocalhost -uroot -p123456 数据库名  数据表名 > /home/back.sql  单张表备份sql文件
	        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
	        sb.append("mysqldump");
	        sb.append(" -h"+ip);
	        sb.append(" -u"+root);
	        sb.append(" -p"+pwd);
	        sb.append(" "+dbName+" ");
			sb.append("-r");//java中必须使用"-r"替代">"
	        sb.append(pathSql);
	        
	        Process process = null;
	        //判断系统
	        if (osName.equals("Linux")) {
	        	BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
	        	PrintWriter  printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileSql), "utf8"));
	        	    process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(" mysqldump -h" + ip + " -u" + root + " -p" + pwd + " --set-charset=UTF8 " + dbName+ " -r /home/back.sql");
	        	    InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), "utf8");
	        	    bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
	        	    String line;
	        	    while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){
	        	        printWriter.println(line);
	        	    }
	        	    printWriter.flush();
	        	    log.info("-==[ 备份结束！ ]==-");
		    } else {
		    	 System.out.println("cmd命令为："+"cmd /c "+sb.toString());
			     process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c "+sb.toString());//执行语句
		    }
	        process.waitFor();//等待上述命令执行完毕后打印下面log

	         //输出错误信息
	         InputStream is = process.getErrorStream();
	         InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is,"gbk");//读取
	         System.out.println(isr.getEncoding());
	         BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(isr);//缓冲
	         String line = null;
	         while((line =bufr.readLine())!=null) {
	             System.out.println("error:"+line);
	         }
	         isr.close();
	         log.info("数据库备份结束，备份结果：{}",process.exitValue() == 0 ? "success" : "fail");
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 恢复数据库
     * mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -proot dbname < /home/back.sql
     */
    public static void dbRestore(){
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("mysql");
        sb.append(" -h"+ip);
        sb.append(" -u"+root);
        sb.append(" -p"+pwd);
        sb.append(" "+dbName+" <");
        sb.append(filePath);
        System.out.println("cmd命令为："+sb.toString());
        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
        System.out.println("开始还原数据");
        try {
            Process process = runtime.exec("cmd /c"+sb.toString());
            
            //输出错误信息
            FileInputStream errorStream = (FileInputStream)process.getErrorStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(errorStream,"gbk");//读取
            System.out.println(isr.getEncoding());
            BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(isr);//缓冲
            String line = null;
            while((line =bufr.readLine())!=null) {
                System.out.println("error:"+line);
            }
            isr.close();
            
            
            InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"utf8"));
            line = null;
            while ((line=bf.readLine())!=null){
                System.out.println(line);
            }
            is.close();
            bf.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("还原成功！");
    }
 

}