NEEP-EN2-2021-Section1

英二-2021-Section 1 摘自Business Spotlight网站，一篇名为《Setting targets can have unforeseen negative consequences》的文章。
以下为个人解析，非官方公开标准资料，可能有误，仅供参考。（单词解释仅摘出部分词性和意思）

以下黄色记号部分为完形填空部分

Paragraph 1

1. It’s not difficult to set targets for staff.
   • 翻译：为全体员工设立目标不是难事。
   • 解释：
     • staff n. 全体员工
2. It is much harder, however¹, to understand their negative consequences.
   • 翻译：然而，要弄清它们的负面影响才更难。
   • 解释：
     • negative adj. 负面的、消极的
     • consequence n. 后果、结果、影响
3. Most work-related behaviours have multiple components.
   • 翻译：大多少与工作相关的行为存在多个组成部分。
   • 解释：
     • behaviour n. 行为
     • work-related 与工作有关的
     • multiple adj. 多个的
     • component n. 成分、部件、组成部分
4. Emphasize² one and the others become distorted.
   • 翻译：强调一个部分，其他部分就会失衡。
   • 解释：
     • distorted adj. 扭曲的，曲解的、变形的

1. [A] therefore adv 因此
   [B] again adv. 再次
   [C] moreover adj. 而且、此外
   [D] however adv. 然而
2. [A] Identify v. 辨别、识别
   [B] Assess v. 评估
   [C] Emphasize v. 强调
   [D] Explain v. 解释

Paragraph 2

1. Travel on a London bus and you’ll quickly³ see how this works with drivers.
   • 翻译：坐在伦敦公交上，你很快就会看到驾驶员们如何运作的。
   • 解释：
     • travel v. 旅行
2. Watch people get on and show their tickets.
   • 翻译：看着人们上来并出示他们的票。
   • 解释：
     • get on 到上面
     • ticket n. 票
3. Are they carefully inspected?
   • 翻译：他们有认真地检票吗？
   • 解释：
     • carefully adv. 小心翼翼地、认真地
     • inspect v. 检查、审查
4. Never.
   • 翻译：从来没有。
5. Do people get on without paying?
   • 翻译：人们上车会不付钱吗？
6. Of course!
   • 翻译：当然！
7. Are there inspectors to check⁴ that people have paid?
   • 翻译：那里的检票员会去检查人们有没有付钱吗？
   • 解释：
     • inspector n. 检查员
8. Possibly, but very few.
   • 翻译：可能吧，但非常少。
9. And people who run for the bus？
   • 翻译：那跑着赶公交车的人呢？
10. They are ignored⁵.
    • 翻译：他们被无视了。
11. How about jumping lights?
    • 翻译：闯红灯怎么样？
12. Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
    • 公交车几乎和骑自行车的人一样频繁地闯红灯。

3. [A] curiously adv. 好奇地
   [B] quickly adv. 快速地
   [C] eagerly adv. 早地
   [D] nearly adv. 接近地、差不多
4. [A] check v. 检查
   [B] prove v. 证明
   [C] recall v. 召回
   [D] claim v. 声称
5. [A] threatened v. 威胁
   [B] mocked v. 模拟
   [C] ignored v. 忽略
   [D] blamed v. 指责

Paragraph 3

1. Why? Because the target is punctuality⁶.
   • 翻译：为什么？因为目标是守时（准时）。
2. People complained that buses were late and infrequent.
   • 翻译：人们抱怨公交迟到以及班次过少。
3. So⁷, the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were rewarded⁸ or punished according to the time they took.
   • 翻译：所以，公交车的班次和公交车道被增加了，并且驾驶员会根据他们所花的时间长短被奖励或惩罚。
   • 解释：
     • bus lanes 公交车道
     • reward v. 奖励
     • punish v. 惩罚
4. And drivers hit their targets.
   • 翻译：司机们达到了目标。
5. But they also⁹ hit cyclists.
   • 翻译：但他们也撞了骑自行车的人。
6. If the target was changed to revenue¹⁰, you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.
   • 翻译：如果目标改为收入，你将会有更多的检票员和更敏感的定价。
   • 解释：
     • revenue n. 收入、财政收入
     • sensitive adj. 敏感的、灵敏的
     • price v. 给…定价
7. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more cautious¹¹ drivers who obeyed traffic laws.
   • 翻译：如果标准改为安全，你将会获得更加小心遵守交通法规的驾驶员。
   • 解释：
     • criterion n. 标准，准则，规范，复数形式：criteria
     • cautious adj. 小心的、谨慎的
     • obey v. 遵守、服从
     • traffic laws 交通的法律
8. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
   • 翻译：但是这些标准都需要以牺牲时间为代价。
   • 解释：at the expense of 以…为代价

6. [A] hospitality n. 款待、好客
   [B] competition n. 竞争、竞赛
   [C] punctuality n. 准时、守时
   [D] innovation n. 创新
7. [A] Yet adv. 然而
   [B] Besides adv. 此外
   [C] Still adv. 仍然，还
   [D] So adv. 所以
8. [A] rewarded v. 奖励
   [B] trained v. 训练
   [C] grouped v. 组队
   [D] hired v. 雇佣
9. [A] rather adv. 而不
   [B] also adv. 也
   [C] once adv. 一旦
   [D] only adv. 只有
10. [A] comfort n. 舒适
    [B] efficiency n. 效率
    [C] security n. 安全
    [D] revenue n. 收入
11. [A] cautious adj. 小心的
    [B] quiet adj. 安静的
    [C] diligent adj. 勤奋的
    [D] friendly adj. 友好的

Paragraph 4

1. There is another problem¹²: people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.
   • 翻译：有另外一个问题：人们在达成目标方面变得极具创意。
   • 解释：
     • immensely adv. 极其、非常
     • inventive adj. 有创意的
2. Have you noticed¹³ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time?
   • 翻译：你有注意到你的航班可以晚点1小时但仍然准时到吗？
3. Tailwinds? Of course not!
   • 翻译：台风？当然不是！
   • 解释：可能是想说台风顺风刮过去的吧，才这么快
4. Airlines have simply changed the time a trip¹⁴ is meant to take.
   • 翻译：航空公司只是改变了旅行的时间。
5. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.
   • 翻译：一个小时的航班现在被标记为两个小时的航班。

12. [A] purpose n. 目的、企图
    [B] prejudice n. 偏见
    [C] policy n. 政策
    [D] problem n. 问题
13. [A] revealed v. 揭示
    [B] noticed v. 注意到
    [C] admitted v. 承认
    [D] reported v. 报告、汇报
14. [A] break n. 休息
    [B] departure n. 离开、出发
    [C] transfer n. 转移
    [D] trip 旅程

Paragraph 5

1. The moral¹⁵ of story is simple.
   • 翻译：该道德上的故事非常简单。
2. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria.
   • 翻译：大多数工作都是多维度的，有多重准则。
3. Choose one criterion and you may well sacrifice¹⁶ others.
   翻译：选择一项标准，那你可能会牺牲其他的。
4. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a cost¹⁷.
   • 翻译：每件事情都可以用更低的价格、更快地完成，但是有一个成本。
5. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
   • 翻译：设置目标能够产生不可预见的不利影响。
   • 解释：
     • unforeseen adj. 不可预见的，foresee v. 预见
     • negative adj. 消极的、不利的
     • consequence n. 结果、影响

15. [A] moral n. 道德
    [B] background n. 背景
    [C] style n. 风格
    [D] form n. 形式
16. [A] sacrifice v. 牺牲
    [B] criticize v. 批评、评价
    [C] tolerate v. 宽恕、容忍
    [D] interpret v. 口头翻译
17. [A] secret n. 秘密
    [B] cost n. 成本
    [C] product n. 产品
    [D] task n. 任务

Paragraph 6

1. This is not an argument against target-setting.
   • 翻译：这不是反对目标设立。
2. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.
   • 翻译：而是觉得首要应该探索影响。
   • 解释：
     • argument n. 论点，理由
     • explore v. 探索、探究、勘察
3. All good targets should have multiple criteria relating to¹⁸ critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback.
   • 翻译：所有号的目标应该有多个与关键因素相关的准则，例如时间、金钱、质量和用户反馈。
   • 解释：
     • multiple adj. 多个的
     • criteria n. 标准、准则
     • critical adj. 关键的、批评的
     • factor n. 因素、因子
     • quality n. 质量
     • feedback n. 反馈
4. The trick is not to specify¹⁹ just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better achieve²⁰ the objective.
   • 翻译：诀窍是不要只制定一个或者两个目标，而是要弄清楚如何帮助人们更好地实现目标。
   • 解释：
     • trick n. 诀窍、窍门、技巧、小把戏
     • specify v. 指定
     • dimension n. 维度
     • objective n. 目标
     • achieve v. 实现、达成

18. [A] relating to 与…相关
    [B] calling for 为…而呼吁
    [C] accounting for 占比，考虑在内
    [D] leading to 引领…
19. [A] predict v. 预测
    [B] restore v. 修复
    [C] specify v. 指定
    [D] create v. 创造
20. [A] review v. 检查、评审
    [B] achieve v. 完成、达到
    [C] present v. 出席
    [D] modify v. 修改