/tmp文件夹和/var/tmp文件夹的定期清理机制

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-05 14:55:24 发布

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文章标签： /tmp 自动清理定期清理

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本文介绍了Oracle Linux 5到7中/tmp和/var/tmp文件夹的自动清理机制，包括tmpwatch和systemd定时任务的配置与原理，以及如何禁用这些功能。

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/tmp文件夹和/var/tmp文件夹的定期清理机制

[root@hgdb02 tmp]# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 37 May 19 11:01 benchmarksql-5.0 ---------->>>有此文件
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 8 10:10 hsperfdata_root
-rw-------. 1 root root 185 Jun 8 03:38 netdata-updater.log.6xMwv9
-rw-------. 1 root root 185 May 29 03:19 netdata-updater.log.BeFUtt
drwx------. 3 root root 16 Jun 25 15:20 systemd-private-28f9e88904ad483087853f5cade95232-cups.service-2sdeRq

---->>>>过一会，
[root@hgdb02 tmp]# cd ben ---------->>>无此文件
-bash: cd: ben: No such file or directory
[root@hgdb02 tmp]# cd ben*---------->>>无此文件
-bash: cd: ben*: No such file or directory
[root@hgdb02 tmp]# ll ---------->>>无此文件
total 0
drwx------. 3 root root 16 Jun 25 15:20 systemd-private-28f9e88904ad483087853f5cade95232-cups.service-2sdeRq
[root@hgdb02 tmp]#

我都怀疑这个OS是不是被黑了。。。。

然后查了一下/tmp下是否有定期清理的机制，还真有：
/tmp下的定期清理机制，在6和7下，是不一样的：
Oracle Linux: tmpfiles on Oracle Linux 7 (文档 ID 2273942.1) ---适用于linux 7
On Oracle Linux 7, tmpfiles cleans up /tmp or /var/tmp by removing unused files.
This function was called "tmpwatch" on OL6 which is invoked by crond, however, it is now realized by timer of systemd on OL7.

Files/Directories in /tmp Could be Removed Automatically (文档 ID 2212480.1) ----适用于linux 5和linux 6

如下全文转载Oracle Linux: tmpfiles on Oracle Linux 7 (文档 ID 2273942.1) ：

On Oracle Linux 7, tmpfiles cleans up /tmp or /var/tmp by removing unused files.
This function was called "tmpwatch" on OL6 which is invoked by crond, however, it is now realized by timer of systemd on OL7.

Currently the detailed functions of tmpfiles are described in configuration files:

/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer
/usr/lib/systemd/system/systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf
Shortly speaking, the functions are:

removing files/directories in /tmp/ un-accessed more than 10 days(defined in tmp.conf)
removing files/directories in /var/tmp/ un-accessed more than 30 days(defined in tmp.conf)
there are several files which will not be removed(defined in tmp.conf)
the removing command is "/usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean"(defined in systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service)
"un-accessed" is decided by checking all of atime/mtime/ctime of the file/directory.
Thus, in case even one of atime/mtime/ctime of a file in /tmp/ is newer than 10 days, the file will not removed.
If a file/directory in /tmp/ is not removed by tmpfiles even if it seems it is older than 10 days,
the reason can be checked by running a command with debug options like below manually:

# SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET=console SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug /usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean
For example, below intends that a directory "/tmp/abcdefg" can not be removed due to its atime.

# SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET=console SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug /usr/bin/systemd-tmpfiles --clean 2>&1 | grep abcdefg
Directory "/tmp/abcdefg": access time Wed 2017-05-24 16:56:28.771577 JST is too new
#

如下全文转载Files/Directories in /tmp Could be Removed Automatically (文档 ID 2212480.1)
APPLIES TO:
Linux OS - Version Oracle Linux 5.0 to Oracle Linux 6.8 [Release OL5 to OL6U8]
Information in this document applies to any platform.
SYMPTOMS
If files/directories in /tmp have not been accessed for a long time, they may be removed automatically.

CAUSE
"tmpwatch" cleans up the contents of /tmp or other temporary directories.

SOLUTION
In most cases, tmpwatch removing files is safely ignorable as unused files should be removed from /tmp to free up file system space so the file system containing /tmp doesn't fill over time.

However, if you strongly need to disable this function for some reason, despite the importance of tmpwatch in ensuring /tmp doesn't cause a file system to fill, it is possible by uninstalling tmpwatch:

# rpm -e tmpwatch
or, alternatively, move/remove /etc/cron.daily/tmpwatch file in case the rpm package for tmpwatch can't be removed, such as below:

# rpm -e tmpwatch
LANG=C rpm -e tmpwatch
error: Failed dependencies:
tmpwatch is needed by (installed) tetex-3.0-33.15.el5_8.1.x86_64
tmpwatch is needed by (installed) cups-1.3.7-32.el5_11.x86_64
#

Cleaning up unaccessed files in /tmp s a default function of package "tmpwatch", which provides a cron job /etc/cron.daily/tmpwatch. This is a shell script kicked by crond daily,which checks /tmp, /var/tmp and several directories in /var/ and remove files/directories which have not been accessed for a long time.

For example, /etc/cron.daily/tmpwatch on Oracle Linux 5 shows:

flags=-umc
/usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" -x /tmp/.X11-unix -x /tmp/.XIM-unix \
        -x /tmp/.font-unix -x /tmp/.ICE-unix -x /tmp/.Test-unix \
        -X '/tmp/hsperfdata_*' 240 /tmp
/usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" 720 /var/tmp
for d in /var/{cache/man,catman}/{cat?,X11R6/cat?,local/cat?}; do
     if [ -d "$d" ]; then
        /usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" -f 720 "$d"
     fi
done
which will remove files/directories that have not been accessed for 240 or 720 hours(=10 or 30 days).

/etc/cron.daily/tmpwatch on Oracle Linux 6 shows:

#! /bin/sh
flags=-umc
/usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" -x /tmp/.X11-unix -x /tmp/.XIM-unix \
         -x /tmp/.font-unix -x /tmp/.ICE-unix -x /tmp/.Test-unix \
         -X '/tmp/hsperfdata_*' -X '/tmp/.hdb*lock' -X '/tmp/.sapstartsrv*.log' \
         -X '/tmp/pymp-*' 10d /tmp
/usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" 30d /var/tmp
for d in /var/{cache/man,catman}/{cat?,X11R6/cat?,local/cat?}; do
     if [ -d "$d" ]; then
         /usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" -f 30d "$d"
     fi
done

which will remove files/directories that have not been accessed for 10 or 30 days.

参考文章：

https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2016/09/20/managing-temporary-files-with-systemd-tmpfiles-on-rhel7/