Lesson 1_Introduction to AI

Introduction to AI

Four definitions of AI:

• acting humanly: the Turing test approach, acting humanly to fool an interrogator( require natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning and machine learning).
• thinking humanly: the cognitive modeling approach(unless having sufficient understanding of human minds).
• acting rationally: the rational agent approach(acting so as to achieve one’s goals, given one’s beliefs, an agent is just something that perceives and acts. Here AI is viewed as the study and construction of rational agents).
• thinking rationally: the laws of thought approach(govern the operation of the mind, and initiated the field of logic).

Two advantages of Acting rationally:

• First, it’s more general than the “laws of thought” approach, because correct inferrance in only a useful mechanism for achieving rationality, and not a necessary one.
• Second, the standard of rationality is clearly defined and completely general.
  Concentrate on general principles of rational agents, and on components for constucting them.
  Limited rationality—acting appropriately when there is not enough time and space to do all the computations one might like.

Foundations of artificial intelligence:(History of AI)

Inherited many ideas, viewpoints and techniques from other disciplines, such as philosophy, mathematics, psycchology, linguistics and computer science.

History of AI:

• the gestation of artificial intelligence(1943-1956)
• early enthusiasm and great expectations(1952-1969)
• a dose of reality and difficulties(1966-1974)
• knowledge-based system(expert system)(1969-1979)
• AI becomes an industry(1980-1988)
• the return of neural network(1986-present)

祝枫
2016年9月17日于哈工大