Android Serivce_serviceintent = new intent(this,echoservice.class)-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/monkeyzsf/article/details/39614911

本文详细介绍了Android Service的启动、停止、绑定、解绑流程及与Service进行通信的方法，包括通过Intent控制Service操作类、实现ServiceConnection接口进行绑定与解绑操作，并通过binder类实现与Service之间的通信。

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Android Serivce

Serivce是Android四大组件之一，主要用于后台操作。
一、Service的启动和停止（startService、stopService）：

1.1 先新建Serivce操作类继承自系统的Serivce类，并重写onBind()、onCreate()、onDestroy()方法，如下所示：

public class EchoService extends Service {

       @Override
       public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            return null;
       }

       @Override
      public void onCreate() {
           Log.i("EchoSerivce", "onCreate");
      }

      @Override
      public void onDestroy() {
          Log.i("EchoSerivce", "onDestroy");
      }

  }

1.2 在AndroidManifest.xml中注册Serivce，如下所示：
```
<service android:name="EchoService"></service>
```

1.3 在相应的Activity操作类中通过Intent控制Serivce操作类，如下所示：

Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, EchoService.class);
startService(intent);
stopService(intent);

二、Service的绑定和解绑（bindService、 unbindService）：

2.1 在一的基础上，EchoSerivce类中添加Binder的子类，如下所示：

private EchoServiceBinder echoServiceBinder = new EchoServiceBinder();
private final class EchoServiceBinder extends Binder {
  }

2.2 在EchoSerivce类中onBind()方法中添加返回内容，如下所示：

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      Log.i("EchoService", "onBind");
      return echoServiceBinder;
  }

2.3 在相应的Activity操作类中添加实现ServiceConnection接口的类，并进行Service的绑定与解绑操作，如下所示：

EchoServiceConnection echoServiceConnection = new EchoServiceConnection();
private final class EchoServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection {

      @Override
      public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName arg0, IBinder arg1) {
          // TODO Auto-generated method stub
          Log.i("EchoService", "onServiceConnected");
      }

      @Override
      public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
          // TODO Auto-generated method stub
          Log.i("EchoService", "onServiceDisonnected");
      }

  }

  bindService(intent, echoServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
  unbindService(echoServiceConnection);

如果同时进行了startService()和bindService()操作，则要停止相应的Service就要执行stopService()和unbindService()两个方法。
通过startService()方法启动的服务是不随Activity的死亡而停止，必须要有相应的方法去停止该服务。而通过bindService()方法启动的服务会随着Activity的死亡而停止，这种方式启动的服务如同该方法的名字一般是和Activity绑定在一起的。

三、与Service进行通信

如果Activity要和Service进行通信，就必须要用到bindService()这个方法，而不能简单使用startService()方法，而且通信要用到的媒介就是binder类。
首先在Service类中实现Binder的子类并在其中添加返回当前Service类实例对象的方法，然后在Service类中的onBind()方法中返回该Binder子类的实例对象，则可以在Activity中通过ServiceConnection接口中的onServiceConnected()方法取得该Binder子类的实例对象取得Service实例并与其进行通信。
具体操作看完整Demo。

完整Demo如下：

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_startservice"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="startservice" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_stopservice"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="stopservice" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_bindservice"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bindservice" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_unbindservice"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="unbindservice" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_getcurrentnum"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="get current number" />

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private Button btn_startservice;
    private Button btn_stopservice;
    private Button btn_bindservice;
    private Button btn_unbindservice;
    private Button btn_getcurrentnum;
    private Intent serviceIntent;
    private BtnServiceListener btnServiceListener;
    private EchoServiceConnection echoServiceConnection;
    private EchoService echoService = null;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        btn_startservice = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_startservice);
        btn_stopservice = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_stopservice);
        btn_bindservice = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_bindservice);
        btn_unbindservice = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_unbindservice);
        btn_getcurrentnum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_getcurrentnum);

        btnServiceListener = new BtnServiceListener();
        echoServiceConnection = new EchoServiceConnection();
        serviceIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, EchoService.class);

        btn_startservice.setOnClickListener(btnServiceListener);
        btn_stopservice.setOnClickListener(btnServiceListener);
        btn_bindservice.setOnClickListener(btnServiceListener);
        btn_unbindservice.setOnClickListener(btnServiceListener);
        btn_getcurrentnum.setOnClickListener(btnServiceListener);
    }

    //按钮绑定事件
    private final class BtnServiceListener implements OnClickListener {

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_startservice:
                startService(serviceIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_stopservice:
                stopService(serviceIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_bindservice:
                bindService(serviceIntent, echoServiceConnection, 
                        Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_unbindservice:
                unbindService(echoServiceConnection);
                echoService = null;
                break;
            case R.id.btn_getcurrentnum:
                if(echoService != null) {
                    Log.i("MainActivity", 
                            "当前服务的数字：" + echoService.getCurrentNum());
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }

        }

    }

    //ServiceConnection
    private final class EchoServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection {

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder binder) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.i("EchoService", "onServiceConnected");
            echoService = ((EchoService.EchoServiceBinder)binder).getSerivce();
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.i("EchoService", "onServiceDisonnected");
        }

    }

}

EchoService.java

public class EchoService extends Service {

    private Timer timer = null;
    private TimerTask timerTask = null;
    private int i = 0;

    public void startTimer() {
        if(timer == null) {
            timer = new Timer();
            timerTask = new TimerTask() {

                @Override
                public void run() {
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    i++;
                    Log.i("EchoService", i + "");
                }

            };
            timer.schedule(timerTask, 1000, 1000);
        }
    }

    public void stopTimer() {
        if(timer != null) {
            timerTask.cancel();
            timer.cancel();
            timerTask = null;
            timer = null;
        }
    }

    public EchoServiceBinder echoServiceBinder = new EchoServiceBinder();

    public final class EchoServiceBinder extends Binder {

        public EchoService getSerivce() {
            return EchoService.this;
        }
    }

    public int getCurrentNum() {
        return i;
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Log.i("EchoService", "onBind");
        return echoServiceBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
         Log.i("EchoSerivce", "onCreate");
         startTimer();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.i("EchoSerivce", "onDestroy");
        stopTimer();
    }

}