Nginx事件处理模型是Nginx事件处理的核心,充分体现了最简业务原则和分段处理的架构理念。
作为Web服务器,Nignx每一个用户请求至少对于一个TCP连接,一个TCP连接至少需要一个读事件和一个写事件(分段原则的体现,即使很简单很明确的需求也会分段处理。)。在这里我们必须理解Nginx事件的定义和连接的定义。事件定义的基本数据结构是ngx_event_t,连接定义的基本数据结构是ngx_connect_t。
1.事件定义
Nginx事件定义有两个基础事件和AIO事件,每个事件最核心的部分是handler回调方法,handler将由事件消费者实现,它决定事件的最终处理方式。Nginx事件驱动模型有很多种,所以ngx_event_s事件定义中很多字段也都是有针对性的,需要在特定事件驱动模式下才有意义,我们只需要掌握关于TCP处理的最基础的就可以,其他的在学习具体的事件驱动模式的时候,慢慢掌握。
/*基础事件定义*/
struct ngx_event_s {
void *data;/*指向数据的指针*/
unsigned write:1;/*事件可写,即TCP连接(事件处理可以理解为TCP请求处理)状态可以发送网络报文*/
unsigned accept:1;/*是否可以接受新的连接,由核心框架中的worker进程直接控制*/
/* 过期事件是否需要在事件驱动模块处理,结合前面的ngx_posted_accept_events理解*/
unsigned instance:1;
/*
* the event was passed or would be passed to a kernel;
* in aio mode - operation was posted.
*/
unsigned active:1;
/*事件禁用在kqueue或者rtsig中有效,在epoll事件中无效*/
unsigned disabled:1;
/* AIO 处理模式,事件处于可处理状态*/
unsigned ready:1;
unsigned oneshot:1;/*在AIO模式下标示有请求事件处理*/
/* aio operation is complete */
unsigned complete:1;/*在AIO模式下事件处理完成*/
unsigned eof:1;
unsigned error:1;
unsigned timedout:1;
unsigned timer_set:1;
unsigned delayed:1;
unsigned deferred_accept:1;
/* the pending eof reported by kqueue, epoll or in aio chain operation */
unsigned pending_eof:1;
unsigned posted:1;
unsigned closed:1;
/* worker进程退出标志位,管理进程中的资源处理状态to test on worker exit */
unsigned channel:1;
unsigned resolver:1;
unsigned cancelable:1;
#if (NGX_HAVE_KQUEUE)
unsigned kq_vnode:1;
/* the pending errno reported by kqueue */
int kq_errno;
#endif
/*
* kqueue only:
* accept: number of sockets that wait to be accepted
* read: bytes to read when event is ready
* or lowat when event is set with NGX_LOWAT_EVENT flag
* write: available space in buffer when event is ready
* or lowat when event is set with NGX_LOWAT_EVENT flag
*
* iocp: TODO
*
* otherwise:
* accept: 1 if accept many, 0 otherwise
* read: bytes to read when event is ready, -1 if not known
*/
int available;
ngx_event_handler_pt handler;
#if (NGX_HAVE_IOCP)
ngx_event_ovlp_t ovlp;
#endif
ngx_uint_t index;
ngx_log_t *log;
ngx_rbtree_node_t timer; /*超时处理机制, 使用红黑树管理*/
/* the posted queue */
ngx_queue_t queue;/* event事件处理队列 */
#if 0
/* the threads support */
/*
* the event thread context, we store it here
* if $(CC) does not understand __thread declaration
* and pthread_getspecific() is too costly
*/
void *thr_ctx;
#if (NGX_EVENT_T_PADDING)
/* event should not cross cache line in SMP */
uint32_t padding[NGX_EVENT_T_PADDING];
#endif
#endif
};
2.连接定义
Nginx的连接分为主动连接和被动连接。主动连接是指Nginx服务器主动向客户端或者其他服务器建立的连接,被动连接是指客户端向Nginx服务器发送的连接。分别对应于ngx_connection_t和ngx_peer_connection_t,ngx_connection_t在之前的章节中介绍过,这里主要介绍ngx_peer_connection_s,ngx_peer_connection_s自有定义主要定义了远端服务器信息和服务器的管理信息,详细见注释。
struct ngx_peer_connection_s {
ngx_connection_t *connection;/*TCP连接的基础信息*/
struct sockaddr *sockaddr;/*远端服务器地址*/
socklen_t socklen;/*远端服务器地址长度*/
ngx_str_t *name;/*远端服务器名称*/
ngx_uint_t tries;/*连接失败后重试次数*/
ngx_msec_t start_time;
ngx_event_get_peer_pt get;/**/
ngx_event_free_peer_pt free;
ngx_event_notify_peer_pt notify;
void *data;
#if (NGX_SSL || NGX_COMPAT)
ngx_event_set_peer_session_pt set_session;
ngx_event_save_peer_session_pt save_session;
#endif
ngx_addr_t *local;
int type;
int rcvbuf;
ngx_log_t *log;
unsigned cached:1;
unsigned transparent:1;
unsigned so_keepalive:1;
unsigned down:1;
/* ngx_connection_log_error_e */
unsigned log_error:2;
NGX_COMPAT_BEGIN(2)
NGX_COMPAT_END
};