linux：Python环境搭建以及安装插件常见问题

1.安装pip工具

  1.1 yum -y install python-setuptools    ubuntu使用apt-get install python-setuptools

  1.2 python -m pip install --upgrade pip

  1.3安装pip

       $ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

       $ python get-pip.py

       $ pip -V　　#查看pip版本

2.升级python到3.7版本

https://www.cnblogs.com/zydeboke/p/11465890.html  原文链接

[root@ansible soft]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz

[root@ansible soft]# tar xvf Python-3.7.3.tar.xz

[root@ansible soft]# cd Python-3.7.3/

[root@ansible Python-3.7.3]# ./configure

[root@ansible Python-3.7.3]# make

[root@ansible Python-3.7.3]#make install

将原来 python 的软链接重命名：

# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak

将 python 链接至 python3：

# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

修改/usr/bin/yum和/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down，将 #!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7，保存退出即可

[root@ansible-admin Python-3.7.3]# vi /usr/bin/yum

[root@ansible-admin Python-3.7.3]# vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

3.安装yaml(安装包，遇到的问题即解决方法)

  3.1 pip install pyyaml

  3.2 python -m pip install numpy

  3.3 pip install pycuda

    出现的问题：

  3.3.1ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘_ctypes‘的解决办法

      #apt-get install libffi-devel -y

      #make install

      #pip install pycuda

  3.4 pip install matplotlib==2.2.3

  3.5 问题：No module named '_tkinter'

      yum install -y tkinter

      yum install -y tk-devel

      cd Python-3.7.3/

      .configure

      make

      make install

  3.6 问题：No module named 'seaborn'

      pip install seaborn

  3.7 No module named '_bz2

      yum install bzip2-devel

       将_bz2.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so下载放到/usr/local/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/即可

  3.8 no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable

      修改.py

      import matplotlib

      matplotlib.use('Agg')