TreeMap1.8源码

使用

TreeMap使用比较器排序，按照key的排序遍历，
如果没有比较器，用默认比较器，key的类默认实现了Comparable接口的compareTo方法，比如Integer，String

key不能为null，value可以为null

        Map<String, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
        treeMap.put("a", "1");
        treeMap.put("d", "4");
        treeMap.put("b", "2");
        treeMap.put("c", "3");
        treeMap.put("e", null);
        //treeMap.put(null, "f");//key不能为null
        System.out.println("TreeMap:" + treeMap);//TreeMap:{a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=null}

TreeMap是非同步的（not synchronized），线程不安全的。如果需要在多线程环境使用，需要程序员手动同步；或者通过如下方式将TreeMap包装成（wrapped）同步的：

SortedMap m = Collections.synchronizedSortedMap(new TreeMap(...));

类

public class TreeMap<K,V>
    extends AbstractMap<K,V>
    implements NavigableMap<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
    
public interface NavigableMap<K,V> extends SortedMap<K,V> {

构造

//使用默认比较器
    public TreeMap() {
        comparator = null;
    }

用红黑树实现，Entry表示红黑树节点

   static final class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        K key;
        V value;
        Entry<K,V> left;
        Entry<K,V> right;
        Entry<K,V> parent;
        boolean color = BLACK;

        /**
         * Make a new cell with given key, value, and parent, and with
         * {@code null} child links, and BLACK color.
         */
        Entry(K key, V value, Entry<K,V> parent) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.parent = parent;
        }

查询

从根节点向子节点遍历，逐个用比较器比较。如果比根节点大，就用右孩子继续比较，如果比根节点小，就用左孩子继续比较，否则是相等，就找到了。有点像后序遍历。

    public V get(Object key) {
        Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
        return (p==null ? null : p.value);
    }
    final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
        // Offload comparator-based version for sake of performance
        if (comparator != null)
            return getEntryUsingComparator(key);
        if (key == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
        Entry<K,V> p = root;
        while (p != null) {
            int cmp = k.compareTo(p.key);
            if (cmp < 0)
                p = p.left;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                p = p.right;
            else
                return p;
        }
        return null;
    }
    
     final Entry<K,V> getEntryUsingComparator(Object key) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            K k = (K) key;
        Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
        if (cpr != null) {
            Entry<K,V> p = root;
            while (p != null) {
                int cmp = cpr.compare(k, p.key);
                if (cmp < 0)
                    p = p.left;
                else if (cmp > 0)
                    p = p.right;
                else
                    return p;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

添加

    public V put(K key, V value) {
        Entry<K,V> t = root;
        //添加第一个元素
        if (t == null) {
            compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check

            root = new Entry<>(key, value, null);
            size = 1;
            modCount++;
            return null;
        }
        //添加第二个元素
        int cmp;
        Entry<K,V> parent;
        // split comparator and comparable paths
        Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
        if (cpr != null) {
            do {
                parent = t;
                cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key);
                if (cmp < 0)
                    t = t.left;
                else if (cmp > 0)
                    t = t.right;
                else
                    return t.setValue(value);
            } while (t != null);
        }
        else {
            if (key == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
            do {
                parent = t;
                cmp = k.compareTo(t.key);
                if (cmp < 0)
                    t = t.left;
                else if (cmp > 0)
                    t = t.right;
                else
                    return t.setValue(value);
            } while (t != null);
        }
        Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, parent);
        if (cmp < 0)
            parent.left = e;
        else
            parent.right = e;
        fixAfterInsertion(e);
        size++;
        modCount++;
        return null;
    }

//红黑树调整函数fixAfterInsertion()
private void fixAfterInsertion(Entry<K,V> x) {
    x.color = RED;
    while (x != null && x != root && x.parent.color == RED) {
        if (parentOf(x) == leftOf(parentOf(parentOf(x)))) {
            Entry<K,V> y = rightOf(parentOf(parentOf(x)));
            if (colorOf(y) == RED) {//如果y为null，则视为BLACK
                setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);              // 情况1
                setColor(y, BLACK);                        // 情况1
                setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);      // 情况1
                x = parentOf(parentOf(x));                 // 情况1
            } else {//没有叔叔
                if (x == rightOf(parentOf(x))) {
                    x = parentOf(x);                       // 情况2
                    rotateLeft(x);                         // 情况2
                }
                setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);              // 情况3
                setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);      // 情况3
                rotateRight(parentOf(parentOf(x)));        // 情况3
            }
        } else {
            Entry<K,V> y = leftOf(parentOf(parentOf(x)));
            if (colorOf(y) == RED) {
                setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);              // 情况4
                setColor(y, BLACK);                        // 情况4
                setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);      // 情况4
                x = parentOf(parentOf(x));                 // 情况4
            } else {
                if (x == leftOf(parentOf(x))) {
                    x = parentOf(x);                       // 情况5
                    rotateRight(x);                        // 情况5
                }
                setColor(parentOf(x), BLACK);              // 情况6
                setColor(parentOf(parentOf(x)), RED);      // 情况6
                rotateLeft(parentOf(parentOf(x)));         // 情况6
            }
        }
    }
    root.color = BLACK;
}

举例

添加5个元素示意图

删除

    public V remove(Object key) {
        Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
        if (p == null)
            return null;

        V oldValue = p.value;
        deleteEntry(p);
        return oldValue;
    }

    private void deleteEntry(Entry<K,V> p) {
        modCount++;
        size--;

        // If strictly internal, copy successor's element to p and then make p
        // point to successor.
        if (p.left != null && p.right != null) {
            Entry<K,V> s = successor(p);
            p.key = s.key;
            p.value = s.value;
            p = s;
        } // p has 2 children

        // Start fixup at replacement node, if it exists.
        Entry<K,V> replacement = (p.left != null ? p.left : p.right);

        if (replacement != null) {
            // Link replacement to parent
            replacement.parent = p.parent;
            if (p.parent == null)
                root = replacement;
            else if (p == p.parent.left)
                p.parent.left  = replacement;
            else
                p.parent.right = replacement;

            // Null out links so they are OK to use by fixAfterDeletion.
            p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;

            // Fix replacement
            if (p.color == BLACK)
                fixAfterDeletion(replacement);
        } else if (p.parent == null) { // return if we are the only node.
            root = null;//只有一个根节点，置为null就是删除
        } else { //  No children. Use self as phantom replacement and unlink.
            if (p.color == BLACK)
                fixAfterDeletion(p);

            if (p.parent != null) {
                if (p == p.parent.left)
                    p.parent.left = null;//删除父子节点间的连接，就是删除节点
                else if (p == p.parent.right)
                    p.parent.right = null;
                p.parent = null;//删除父子节点间的连接，就是删除节点
            }
        }
    }

寻找后继节点，就是比较器排序，比当前节点大的后一个节点

    static <K,V> TreeMap.Entry<K,V> successor(Entry<K,V> t) {
        if (t == null)
            return null;
        else if (t.right != null) {
            Entry<K,V> p = t.right;
            while (p.left != null)
                p = p.left;
            return p;
        } else {
            Entry<K,V> p = t.parent;
            Entry<K,V> ch = t;
            while (p != null && ch == p.right) {
                ch = p;
                p = p.parent;
            }
            return p;
        }
    }

删除举例
删除c，直接删除