Listener、Filter、Servlet 初始化顺序

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-11 21:43:23 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2022-11-11 21:43:23 发布 · 273 阅读

本文解析了Listener、Filter和Servlet在Web应用中的初始化顺序，并通过示例代码验证了Listener最先初始化，随后是Filter，最后是Servlet。此外，还介绍了如何通过配置<load-on-startup>参数实现Servlet的自动初始化。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

Listener、Filter、Servlet 初始化顺序

博客分类：
Servlet

Servlet JavaEE Web XML Tomcat

Listener、Filter、Servlet都有一个初始化的过程，对应的方法分别为：

contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0)

init(FilterConfig filterConfig)

init(ServletConfig config)

那么它们的初始化顺序是什么呢？

Listener > Filter > Servlet

TestServlet.java

Java代码

package com.cos;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class TestServletextends GenericServlet {
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config){
System.out.println("Servlet 初始化。。。");
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1)throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("Servlet service 。。。");
}
}

package com.cos;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class TestServlet extends GenericServlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config){
        System.out.println("Servlet 初始化 。。。");
    }
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Servlet service 。。。");
    }
}

TestFilter.java

Java代码

package com.cos;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class TestFilterimplements Filter{
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig)throws ServletException {
System.out.println("Filter 初始化。。。");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("doFilter 。。。");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("Filter 销毁。。。");
}
}

package com.cos;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class TestFilter implements Filter{
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("Filter 初始化。。。");
    }
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("doFilter 。。。");
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Filter 销毁。。。");
    }
}

TestListener.java

Java代码

package com.cos;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class TestListenerimplements ServletContextListener{
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Listener 初始化。。。");
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
System.out.println("Listener 销毁。。。");
}
}

package com.cos;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class TestListener implements ServletContextListener{
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
        System.out.println("Listener 初始化。。。");
    }
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
        System.out.println("Listener 销毁。。。");
    }
}

web.xml

Xml代码

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>s</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.cos.TestServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>s</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>f</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.cos.TestFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>f</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.cos.TestListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>s</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.cos.TestServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>s</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>f</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.cos.TestFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>f</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.cos.TestListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

启动tomcat后，在控制台里以此打印出：

Listener 初始化。。。

Filter 初始化。。。

信息: Server startup in 675 ms

可以看出Listener的初始化最早，Filter次之。他俩的初始化都是在容器启动完成之前初始化的。

Servlet没有初始化，原因是没有匹配的请求进来。

如果想要servlet自动初始化，需要在指定的servlet中配置<load-on-startup>参数，没有此标签，默认启动时servlet不进行初始化。

初始化的顺序跟Listener、Filter、Servlet在web.xml中的顺序无关

而多个Filter或多个Servlet的时候，谁的mapping在前面，谁先初始化。

如果web.xml中配置了<context-param>，初始化顺序：

context-param > Listener > Filter > Servlet