snprintf函数使用(Windows与Linux版本)

snprintf 的实现 一种snprinf实现来自ijs.si 版本号2.2 立即下载

 int snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char * restrict   format, ...);

函数说明:最多从源串中拷贝 n - 1 个字符到目标串中,然后再在后面加一个 0 。所以如果目标串的大小为 n

                 的话,将不会溢出。

函数返回值:若成功则返回欲写入的字符串长度,若出错则返回负值。

 

这是从网上找到最多的解释,不过发现在Windows版本下面没有snprintf函数,但是在MSDN里发现一个_snprintf 函数,没加注意就在Windows平台下用_snprintf代替了snprintf,突然测试发现有问题,再查看MSDN后才发现_snprintf有 如下的问题。

 

以下内容转截自 http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/youyu_buzai/archive/2008/09/23/2965419.aspx


snprintf(_snprintf)的声明是这样的
int _snprintf(
   char *buffer ,
   size_t count ,
   const char *format [,
      argument ] ...
);

If len < count , then len characters are stored in buffer , a null-terminator is appended, and len is returned.

If len = count , then len characters are stored in buffer , no null-terminator is appended, and len is returned.

If len > count , then count characters are stored in buffer , no null-terminator is appended, and a negative value is returned.


最常见的错误用法有:
1.
char sa[256]={0};
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa),"%s",sb);
//错误原因:当sb的长度>=256的时候,sa将没有'/0'结尾

2.
char sa[256];
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa)-1,"%s",sb);
//错误原因:当sb的长度>=255的时候,sa将没有'/0'结尾,忘记给sa初始化

3.
char sa[256];
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa)-1,"%s",sb);
sa[sizeof(sa)]=0;
//错误原因:最后一行数组越界

正确的用法
1. //推荐用法
char sa[256];
sa[sizeof(sa)-1]=0;
_snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa),"%s",sb);
if(sa[sizeof(sa)-1]!=0)
{
   printf("warning:string will be truncated");
   sa[sizeof(sa)-1]=0;
}

2.
char sa[256]={0};
int result = _snprintf(sa,sizeof(sa),"%s",sb);
if(result==sizeof(sa) || result<0)
{
    printf("warning:sting will be truncated");
   sa[sizeof(sa)-1]=0;
}

 

个人第二种方法较好!

 

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