Low Memory状态下app状态的恢复

Max2005

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-08-18 14:02:04 发布 2.2k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Android 高质量开发之崩溃优化做了很久的面试专题，不知道对各位需要面试和有跳槽想法的小伙伴有没有帮助，今天收集一篇关于崩溃优化方面的文章，面试方面的收集，后续我还会持续更新如果觉得有用可以点个关注前言开发人员碰到 APP 崩溃（闪退）什么办？不少人会说根据 Log，找到闪退的代码，捕获异常，“消化”掉了所有 Java 崩溃。至于程序是否会出现其他异常表现，那是上帝要管的事情。是的，这种方法对于紧急情况下不失为一种解决办... 阅读详情

app结构
activity带有ViewPager
ViewPager上带有4个fragment

这是非常典型的结构

操作过程
     点icon打开app
     点击home键隐藏app
     再次点击icon唤回app
     点击home键隐藏app
     开启多个其他app，要很耗费内存那种
     点击home键隐藏这些app
     再次点击icon唤回app
     app虽然唤回，但是上面的fragment已经不听招呼，空白，无反应

仔细debug，发现按键能够操作fragment，并且fragment能否反馈，但屏幕上还是显示一个空白fragment以及一个初始状态的变量值
所谓初始状态的变量值，是指静态代码设置的值，比如如下的字符串：

     public class FragmentListview extends Fragment {
         String currentPath = "static_ini_code_null";

在静态代码之后的初始化过程中这个值应该被改变，但是却没有，可见这是一个仅仅静态代码初始化的fragment

困扰了很久。在activity和fragment的所有生命周期函数处添加了打印，终于发现端倪

以下是第一次唤回app的流程，打印了activity，以及0和1两个fragment

lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onRestart()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStart() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStart() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onStart()
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.updateFileInfor()! FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0} [Lcom.maxproj.android.dirplayer.MyArrayAdapter;@41c2c018
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.updateFileInfor()! FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1} [Lcom.maxproj.android.dirplayer.MyArrayAdapter;@41c2c018
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onResume()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onResume() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onResume() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onResumeFragments()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onPause() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onPause() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onPause()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStop() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStop() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onStop()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onDestroy() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onDetach() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c2c1a0 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onDestroy() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onDetach() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c3f848 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onDestroy()

可见唤回时是从onRestart()开始，且没有重新生成fragment的操作
这是第二次唤回app的流程，仍然打印了activity，以及0和1两个fragment

lifecycle: FragmentListview.newInstance() 0 FragmentListview{41c40198}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.StaticCodeIniFragment{} 0 FragmentListview{41c40198}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.newInstance() 1 FragmentListview{41c4e3e8}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.StaticCodeIniFragment{} 1 FragmentListview{41c4e3e8}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onAttach() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onCreate() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onAttach() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onCreate() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onCreate()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onCreateView() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onActivityCreated() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onCreateView() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onActivityCreated() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStart() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStart() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onStart()
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c40198}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 0:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c40198}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.updateFileInfor()! FragmentListview{41c40198} [Lcom.maxproj.android.dirplayer.MyArrayAdapter;@41c3f260
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 1:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c4e3e8}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.setListviewAdapter() 1:/mnt/sdcard FragmentListview{41c4e3e8}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.updateFileInfor()! FragmentListview{41c4e3e8} [Lcom.maxproj.android.dirplayer.MyArrayAdapter;@41c3f260
lifecycle: MyArrayAdapter.MyArrayAdapter()
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onResume()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onResume() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onResume() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onResumeFragments()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onPause() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onPause() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onPause()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onSaveInstanceState() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onSaveInstanceState() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onSaveInstanceState()
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStop() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5ee80 #0 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:0}
lifecycle: FragmentListview.onStop() 0:static_ini_code_null FragmentListview{41c5f0c8 #1 id=0x7f0a0001 android:switcher:2131361793:1}
lifecycle: DirPlayerActivity.onStop()

可见，app不是从onRestart()开始，而是完全从activity静态代码开始初始化activity并且到达onCreate()
并且看到来历不明的两个fragment被onAttach()过来，这并不是activity静态代码生成的fragment

一个诀窍：可以将一个fragment或其他object当成字符串打印，会打印出该fragment的内存地址(估计是)
通过这个我们可以看出每次操作的是哪个fragment或其他object，尽管它们可能是同一类对象

如果高亮上面被打印出的各个fragment地址，就会发现activity静态代码生成的两个fragment被后续的activity代码初始化了
比如被setListviewAdapter()设置了adapter，但是这两个fragment却走不到onCreateView()和onResume()

被attach过来的fragment未经历activity代码的初始化，但是却走到了onCreateView()和onResume()
也即，app显示了被attach过来的fragment，仅仅被该fragment的静态代码初始化过
这正可以解释操作时看到的现象，被attach过来的应该是系统帮忙恢复的fragment

在官网上找到了low memory下系统可能的恢复操作，其中包括帮忙恢复fragment
但是，这个恢复的fragment怎样接收？怎样关联回activity？官网上却找不到具体的处理方法

在stackoverflow上找到若干类似的问题，其中之一和我预想的方法一致
也即，在fragment的onAttach()中将自己关联给activity，具体关键代码如下

//fragment代码
public class FragmentListview extends Fragment {
    int tab = -1; // attach时如果为-1，说明是系统帮忙恢复的。正常初始化后会被设置为0和1

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity){
        super.onAttach(activity);
        
        if (tab == -1){ // 系统帮忙创建的，更新到activity
         tab = ((DirPlayerActivity) getActivity()).sysAttachFragment; // 这里计数被系统attach了多少个fragment
         fragmentListviewInterface.sysAttachFragmentListviewLowMem(
         tab, 
         this);
         ((DirPlayerActivity) getActivity()).sysAttachFragment++;
        }
    }

}
//activity代码
public class DirPlayerActivity extends FragmentActivity implements
    FragmentListview.FragmentListviewInterface
    {
        int sysAttachFragment = 0;

        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_dir_player);
            for (int i = 0; i < LocalConst.tabCount; i++) {
                if(sysAttachFragment == 0){ // 正常启动，而不是系统帮忙恢复
                    fragmentListview[i] = FragmentListview.newInstance(i);
                }
        }
    }

    public void sysAttachFragmentListviewLowMem(int tab, FragmentListview fragment){
               fragmentListview[tab] = fragment;
    }

}

简单测试了一下，似乎可行

但是，感觉很不好
因为fragment也许和activity有很多关联，有很复杂的初始化过程
系统帮忙恢复的操作却非常的粗鲁
直接生成一个未正常初始化的fragment就强塞过来，并占领了对应的位置
这时候千头万绪，关联和恢复处理相当麻烦不可靠

在low memory的情况下恢复app的状态有必要吗？值得吗？
至少有一些app不会有这样的需求
所以，系统应该提供一个选项，让app自己选择要不要恢复原来的状态
有这样的选项吗？我没找到。或有，只是我不知道而已？

在我的这个项目中我就不希望系统帮忙恢复fragment
让app代码自己处理，结果会干净清爽得多，安心得多

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