8.7 Classes

8.7 Classes
Class declarations define new reference types. A class can inherit from
another class, and can implement
interfaces.
Class members can include constants, fields, methods, properties, events,
indexers, operators, instance
constructors, destructors, static constructors, and nested type
declarations. Each member has an associated
accessibility (§10.5), which controls the regions of program text that are
able to access the member. There
are five possible forms of accessibility. These are summarized in the table
below.
Form Intuitive meaning
public Access not limited
protected Access limited to the containing class or types derived from the
containing class
internal Access limited to this program
protected
internal
Access limited to this program or types derived from the containing class
private Access limited to the containing type
The example
using System;
class MyClass
{
public MyClass() {
Console.WriteLine("Instance constructor");
}
public MyClass(int value) {
MyField = value;
Console.WriteLine("Instance constructor");
}
~MyClass() {
Console.WriteLine("Destructor");
}
public const int MyConst = 12;
public int MyField = 34;
public void MyMethod(){
Console.WriteLine("MyClass.MyMethod");
}
public int MyProperty {
get {
return MyField;
}
set {
MyField = value;
}
}
public int this[int index] {
get {
return 0;
}
set {
Console.WriteLine("this[{0}] = {1}", index, value);
}
}
public event EventHandler MyEvent;
public static MyClass operator+(MyClass a, MyClass b) {
return new MyClass(a.MyField + b.MyField);
}
internal class MyNestedClass
{}
}
shows a class that contains each kind of member. The example
class Test
{
static void Main() {
// Instance constructor usage
MyClass a = new MyClass();
MyClass b = new MyClass(123);
// Constant usage
Console.WriteLine("MyConst = {0}", MyClass.MyConst);
// Field usage
a.MyField++;
Console.WriteLine("a.MyField = {0}", a.MyField);
// Method usage
a.MyMethod();
// Property usage
a.MyProperty++;
Console.WriteLine("a.MyProperty = {0}", a.MyProperty);
// Indexer usage
a[3] = a[1] = a[2];
Console.WriteLine("a[3] = {0}", a[3]);
// Event usage
a.MyEvent += new EventHandler(MyHandler);
// Overloaded operator usage
MyClass c = a + b;
}
static void MyHandler(object sender, EventArgs e) {
Console.WriteLine("Test.MyHandler");
}
internal class MyNestedClass
{}
}
shows uses of these members.