day09_蓝牙设备

原创 于 2019-07-16 19:33:28 发布 · 253 阅读 · 0 ·
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#day09_蓝牙设备

本文介绍了蓝牙设备的工作原理及关键技术，包括添加权限、开启/关闭蓝牙、搜索配对设备和利用socket进行数据传输。核心类如BluetoothManager、BluetoothAdapter、BluetoothDevice、BluetoothSocket和UUID在蓝牙通信中起到关键作用。

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蓝牙设备

是一种无线技术标准，可实现固定设备、移动设备和楼宇个人域网之间的短距离数据交换，我们主要掌握这几项技能：
添加权限：

 <!-- 用于进行网络定位 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <!-- 用于访问GPS定位 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>

打开蓝牙并设置允许被搜索：

 //调用系统开关蓝牙弹窗->用户手动允许
	Intent intent = new Intent();
	intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);//开启蓝
    intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);//允许蓝牙被搜索
   intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,200);//设置允许被搜索时间200s内可以被搜索到
    startActivityForResult(intent,100);

关闭蓝牙：

 bluetoothAdapter.disable();//强制关闭蓝牙

搜索附近的蓝牙：

bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//搜索

配对蓝牙：

bluetoothDevice.createBond();//发起配对

获得已经配对的蓝牙设备：

adapter.getBondedDevices();

使用蓝牙传输数据：socket和ServerSocket传输数据：

//1.获得客户端Socket
BluetoothSocket socket = bluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
socket.connect();
//2.获得服务端Socket
BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket = bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(bluetoothAdapter.getName(),uuid);
serverSocket.accpet();

蓝牙工作原理以及涉及到的类：

BluetoothManager 蓝牙管理类，管理BluetoothAdapter。主要负责管理蓝牙的本地连接。
BluetoothAdapter 蓝牙适配器类：代表本蓝牙设备
BluetoothDevice 蓝牙设备，配对后的远程蓝牙设备.
BluetoothServiceSocket 服务端连接类
BluetoothSocket：客户端连接类
UUID（universal unique identifier ， 全局唯一标识符）
格式如下：UUID格式一般是”xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx”，可到http://www.uuidgenerator.com 申请。UUID分为5段，在这里插入图片描述是一个8-4-4-4-12的字符串，这个字符串要求永不重复。蓝牙建立连接时双方必须使用固定的UUID
例如：文件传输服务
OBEXFileTransferServiceClass_UUID = ‘{00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB}’

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private UUID uuid = UUID.fromString("00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");
    private Button open;
    private Button close;
    private Button search;
    private Button show;
    private RecyclerView rv_show;
    private RecyclerView rv_search;
    MyReceiver myReceiver;
    ArrayList<BluetoothDevice> list=new ArrayList<>();
    ArrayList<BluetoothDevice> arrayList=new ArrayList<>();
    String[] strings=new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN,
            Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH
    };
    BluetoothManager bluetoothManager;//蓝牙管理者
    BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;//本机蓝牙设备

    BaseRvAdapter adapter;
    BaseRvAdapter adapters;

    Handler handler=new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if (msg.what==101){
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, ""+msg.obj, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    };

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>=23){
            for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
                int permission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, strings[i]);
                if (permission== PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED){
                    requestPermissions(strings,101);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        initView();

        myReceiver =new MyReceiver();
        IntentFilter intentFilter=new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        registerReceiver(myReceiver,intentFilter);

        bluetoothManager= (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        bluetoothAdapter=bluetoothManager.getAdapter();


        adapter=new BaseRvAdapter(list,this,R.layout.item_layout) {
            @Override
            public void bind(BaseRvViewHolder baseRvViewHolder, int i) {
                baseRvViewHolder.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_id,list.get(i).getName());
                baseRvViewHolder.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_text,list.get(i).getAddress());
            }
        };
        rv_show.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        rv_show.setAdapter(adapter);

        adapters=new BaseRvAdapter(arrayList,this,R.layout.item_layout) {
            @Override
            public void bind(BaseRvViewHolder baseRvViewHolder, int i) {
                baseRvViewHolder.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_id,arrayList.get(i).getName());
                baseRvViewHolder.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_text,arrayList.get(i).getAddress());
            }
        };
        rv_search.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        adapters.notifyDataSetChanged();
        rv_search.setAdapter(adapters);

        adapter.setMyOnItemClickListener(new MyOnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void myOnItemClickListener(int position) {
                BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice = list.get(position);
                try {
                    BluetoothSocket socket = bluetoothDevice.createInsecureRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
                    socket.connect();
                    socket.getOutputStream().write("听说你不想努力了".getBytes());

                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        adapters.setMyOnItemClickListener(new MyOnItemClickListener() {
            @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
            @Override
            public void myOnItemClickListener(int position) {
                bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
                arrayList.get(position).createBond();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initView() {
        open = (Button) findViewById(R.id.open);
        close = (Button) findViewById(R.id.close);
        search = (Button) findViewById(R.id.search);
        show = (Button) findViewById(R.id.show);
        rv_show = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rv_show);
        rv_search = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rv_search);

        open.setOnClickListener(this);
        close.setOnClickListener(this);
        search.setOnClickListener(this);
        show.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.open://打开蓝牙：使用隐士意图
                open();

                break;
            case R.id.close:
                bluetoothAdapter.disable();//关闭蓝牙
                break;
            case R.id.search:
                arrayList.clear();
                bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();//扫描附件的蓝牙设备

                break;
            case R.id.show:
                show();
                break;
        }
    }
    public void open(){
        Intent intent=new Intent();
        intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
        intent.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
        intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,200);
        startActivityForResult(intent,100);

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket = bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord(bluetoothAdapter.getName(), uuid);
                    while (true){
                        BluetoothSocket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                        new MyThread(socket,handler).start();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();


    }
    public void show(){
        list.clear();
        Set<BluetoothDevice> bondedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
        for (BluetoothDevice bondedDevice : bondedDevices) {
            Log.e("###",bondedDevice.getName());
            Log.e("###",bondedDevice.getAddress());
            list.add(bondedDevice);
        }
        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

    }
    class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){
                BluetoothDevice parcelableExtra = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                arrayList.add(parcelableExtra);
                adapters.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(myReceiver);
    }
}


public class MyThread extends Thread {
    BluetoothSocket socket;
    Handler handler;

    public MyThread(BluetoothSocket socket, Handler handler) {
        this.socket = socket;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();
            try {
                StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
                InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                int len =0;
                byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];
                while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
                 sb.append(new String(bytes,0,len));
                    Message message = Message.obtain();
                    message.what=101;
                    message.obj=sb.toString();
                    handler.sendMessage(message);
                }

            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    }
}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
            android:text="打开蓝牙"
            android:id="@+id/open"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp" />
    <Button
            android:text="关闭蓝牙"
            android:id="@+id/close"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp" />
    <Button
            android:text="搜索蓝牙"
            android:id="@+id/search"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp" />
    <Button
            android:text="显示已经配对"
            android:id="@+id/show"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp" />
    <TextView
            android:background="#D5D6D6"
            android:text="已经配对设备"
            android:layout_weight="0.2"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp" />
    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/rv_show"
            android:layout_weight="3"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"></android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>

    <TextView
            android:background="#D5D6D6"
            android:text="附近的设备"
            android:layout_weight="0.2"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp" />
    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/rv_search"
            android:layout_weight="3"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"></android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>

</LinearLayout>
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