ubuntu安装及配置

1.安装vm及ubuntu

去网上百度 想要的vm版本，直接下载安装，ubuntu同理

2.更新ubuntu的源文件

更换阿里云的源

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801)]/ xenial main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

list文件在==/etc/apt/sources.list==下

• 1.给该文件加权限

sudo chmod +777 /etc/apt/sources.list

• 2.用vi打开 删除文件中全部内容
  在非插入模式下 10000 dd 或者 :.,$d

然后更新源和软件

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3.优化

3.1 卸载LibreOffice

sudo apt-get remove libreoffice-common

3.2 删除Amazon的链接

sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common

3.3 删除不常用的软件

sudo apt-get remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot
sudo apt-get remove gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku  landscape-client-ui-install
sudo apt-get remove onboard deja-dup

4. 一些配置优化

4.1 中文输入法

“System->Administrator->Language support”，“Supported Languages"选上"chinese”, "Input method"勾选复选框

4.2 sudo 免输密码

修改/etc/sudoers, 在最后一行加入如下内容，假设用户名为duanbei

 duanbei ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

5. 软件安装

5.1 安装vim git vpnc

sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install vpnc git

• 安装完成配置git

git config --global user.name "youname" # 设置GIT的账号
git config --global user.email "youeamil@email.com" # 设置GIT的邮箱

5.2 安装最新版的npm和nodejs

首先安装npm 和nodejs

sudo apt-get install nodejs-legacy
suao apt-get install npm

• 升级npm

sudo npm install npm -g

• 升级node.js

sudo npm install -g n
sudo n stable

5.3 安装Chrome浏览器

sudo wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/repo/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
# 以下是一条语句
wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub  | sudo apt-key add -   

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable
google-chrome-stable

5.4 安装mysql

sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo apt install mysql-client
sudo apt install libmysqlclient-dev

进入 mysql

mysql -uroot -p密码

5.5 安装搜狗输入法

首先去官网下载搜狗拼音输入法。
搜狗拼音输入法Linux版官网下载地址
安装命令 cd 到 Downloads 用table补全sogou

sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.1.0.0082_amd64.deb

如果提示依赖有问题，执行下面命令后重新安装：

sudo apt-get install -f

5.6 安装pip

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential 
$ sudo pip install --upgrade pip 
$ sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv 

安装pip70799481