[Leetcode] 532. K-diff Pairs in an Array 解题报告

题目：

Given an array of integers and an integer k, you need to find the number of unique k-diff pairs in the array. Here a k-diff pair is defined as an integer pair (i, j), where i and j are both numbers in the array and their absolute difference is k.

Example 1:

Input: [3, 1, 4, 1, 5], k = 2
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two 2-diff pairs in the array, (1, 3) and (3, 5).
Although we have two 1s in the input, we should only return the number of unique pairs.

Example 2:

Input:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], k = 1
Output: 4
Explanation: There are four 1-diff pairs in the array, (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4) and (4, 5).

Example 3:

Input: [1, 3, 1, 5, 4], k = 0
Output: 1
Explanation: There is one 0-diff pair in the array, (1, 1).

Note:

1. The pairs (i, j) and (j, i) count as the same pair.
2. The length of the array won't exceed 10,000.
3. All the integers in the given input belong to the range: [-1e7, 1e7].

思路：

一道比较直观的Two Pointers问题。需要注意的是k为负数以及k为0的特殊情况。

代码：

class Solution {
public:
    int findPairs(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        if (k < 0) {                    // in case k is nagetive (absolute difference cannot be nagetive)
            return 0;
        }
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        int start = 0, end = 1;
        set<pair<int, int>> pairs;
        while (end < nums.size()) {
            int diff = nums[end] - nums[start];
            if (diff == k) {
                if (start != end) {     // in case k is zero
                    pairs.insert(make_pair(nums[start], nums[end]));
                    ++start, ++end;
                }
                else {
                    ++end;
                }
            }
            else if (diff < k) {
                ++end;
            }
            else {
                ++start;
            }
        }
        return pairs.size();
    }
};